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3D Modeling of Urban Areas by Close Range Photogrammetry Software & Geographic Information System (GIS)

النمذجة ثلاثية الأبعاد للمناطق الحضرية باستخدام برامج المساحة التصويرية القريبة ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The production of 3D models of urban areas, using aerial photographs, is of great benefit to companies and small engineering offices. But the major problem is the high cost of Digital Photogrammetry Workstations (DPWS) that are currently used for the production of this kind of models. In addition, the use of these workstations requires long experience and good knowledge in photogrammetry. In this paper, we propose an alternative solution for 3D modeling of urban areas from a stereoscopic pair of aerial photos, a low cost close range photogrammetry software and the applications of 3D modeling available in some Geographic Information System (GIS) platforms. The close range photogrammetry software is a low coast system, compared to DPWS, and it doesn’t require any spatial background in photogrammetry. This software is used to extract the heights of elements that exist in the study area. GIS is used to produce the 2D map from the aerial photo. This map and the height data are used later to produce the 3D model of the study area.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة النمذجة ثلاثية الأبعاد للمناطق الحضرية باستخدام برامج المساحة التصويرية القريبة ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS). تُعد النماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد للمناطق الحضرية مفيدة للشركات والمكاتب الهندسية الصغيرة، ولكن المشكلة الرئيسية تكمن في التكلفة العالية لمحطات العمل الرقمية التجسيمية (DPWS) والخبرة المطلوبة لاستخدامها. يقترح الباحثان حلاً بديلاً باستخدام مزدوج تجسيمي من الصور الجوية وبرامج المساحة التصويرية القريبة المتاحة في بعض برامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية. يتميز هذا الحل بسهولة الاستخدام وانخفاض التكلفة مقارنة بـ DPWS. استخدم الباحثان برنامج PhotoModeler لتوجيه الصور الجوية واقتطاع ارتفاعات الأبنية، وبرنامج ArcGIS 9.3 لإنتاج الخارطة ثنائية الأبعاد والنموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد للمنطقة المدروسة. النتائج أظهرت أن هذه المنهجية توفر المال والوقت ولا تتطلب خبرة خاصة بالمساحة التصويرية، مما يجعلها فعالة للشركات الصغيرة والمكاتب الهندسية غير المتخصصة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة خطوة مهمة نحو توفير حلول اقتصادية وفعالة لإنتاج نماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد للمناطق الحضرية. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، الدراسة تعتمد على بيانات قديمة تعود لعام 1996، مما قد يؤثر على دقة النتائج في السياقات الحديثة. ثانياً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى التحديات التي قد تواجه المستخدمين غير المتخصصين في استخدام هذه البرامج. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن تقديم مقارنة أكثر تفصيلاً بين النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها باستخدام هذه المنهجية والنتائج التي يمكن الحصول عليها باستخدام محطات العمل الرقمية التجسيمية (DPWS) لتوضيح الفروقات بشكل أفضل.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي المشكلة الرئيسية التي تواجه الشركات الصغيرة في إنتاج نماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد للمناطق الحضرية؟

    المشكلة الرئيسية هي التكلفة العالية لمحطات العمل الرقمية التجسيمية (DPWS) والخبرة المطلوبة لاستخدامها.

  2. ما هو الحل البديل الذي يقترحه الباحثان لإنتاج نماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد؟

    الحل البديل هو استخدام مزدوج تجسيمي من الصور الجوية وبرامج المساحة التصويرية القريبة المتاحة في بعض برامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية.

  3. ما هي البرامج التي استخدمها الباحثان في دراستهم؟

    استخدم الباحثان برنامج PhotoModeler لتوجيه الصور الجوية واقتطاع ارتفاعات الأبنية، وبرنامج ArcGIS 9.3 لإنتاج الخارطة ثنائية الأبعاد والنموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد.

  4. ما هي الفوائد الرئيسية لاستخدام المنهجية المقترحة في الدراسة؟

    الفوائد الرئيسية هي توفير المال والوقت وعدم الحاجة إلى خبرة خاصة بالمساحة التصويرية، مما يجعلها فعالة للشركات الصغيرة والمكاتب الهندسية غير المتخصصة.


References used
Baily, B., Collier, P., Farres, P., Inkpen, R. and Pearson, A., 2003. Comparative assessment of analytical and digital photogrammetric methods in the construction of DEMs of geomorphological forms. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28(3): 307–320
Eos Systems. 2002. User Manuel of PhotoModeler Pro5.1. Canada
FGDC, 1998. Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standard, Part 3: National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy. Federal Geographic Data Committee, c/o USGS, Reston, Virginia. http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/documents/ standards/accuracy/chapter3
Fraser, C. S., 1993. A resume´ of some industrial applications of photogrammetry. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 48(3): 12–23
Mills, J. P., Newton, I. and Graham, R. W., 1996. Aerial photography for survey purposes with a high resolution, small format, digital camera. Photogrammetric Record, 15(88): 575–587
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