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The role of the investment environment of the Syrian economy in attracting foreign direct investment to achieve economic and social development

دور البيئة الاستثمارية للاقتصاد السوري في جذب الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر لتحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Adopted the Syrian economy , which has seen an interference large part of the State , the public sector, which is employing a workforce in various sectors of the economy , and the issuance of the Legislative Decree No. / 7/ 2007 on the promotion of investment and had been preceded by Law No. / 10 / of 1991, evidence of awareness the need for change in the economic policies and a legal framework to attract foreign direct investment , because this kind of investments have the potential to diversify the economy and develop it at the lowest cost, create jobs , and bring in capital and expertise and assistance on the development of geographic regions varied. In case of setting conditions for the foreign direct investments serve the national economy. The research found that there is a role for foreign direct investment on the process of economic development in the Syrian Arab Republic on the basis of the results of the field survey.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة دور البيئة الاستثمارية في الاقتصاد السوري في جذب الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر لتحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية. يعتمد الاقتصاد السوري بشكل كبير على القطاع العام، وقد شهد تدخلاً كبيراً من الدولة. تم إصدار المرسوم التشريعي رقم 7 لعام 2007 والقانون رقم 10 لعام 1991 لتشجيع الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر، الذي يمكن أن يسهم في تنويع الاقتصاد وتطويره بأقل تكلفة، وخلق فرص عمل، وجلب رؤوس الأموال والخبرات الفنية. خلص البحث إلى أن هناك دوراً للاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في عملية التنمية الاقتصادية في سوريا بناءً على نتائج المسح الميداني. يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على البيئة الاستثمارية الحديثة للاقتصاد السوري، والقوانين والتشريعات المتعلقة بها، وأشكال وأحجام الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر، بالإضافة إلى إجراء دراسة ميدانية للاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في سوريا. تعتمد الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتستند إلى بيانات من مصادر متعددة مثل تقارير منظمة التجارة الدولية، ومؤتمر الأمم المتحدة للتجارة والتنمية، والتقرير الاقتصادي العربي الموحد. تتناول الدراسة أيضاً التشريعات والقوانين التي تهدف إلى تهيئة البيئة الاستثمارية، مثل مرسوم تشجيع الاستثمار رقم 8 لعام 2007، وقرارات تشجيع الاستثمار في قطاع الخدمات السياحية، والإصلاحات التنظيمية في القطاع المالي. كما تستعرض الدراسة تأثيرات الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر على الاقتصاد السوري من خلال تحليل بيانات المسح الميداني، وتوضح النتائج والتوصيات التي توصل إليها الباحث.
Critical review
تعد هذه الدراسة شاملة ومفصلة حول دور البيئة الاستثمارية في جذب الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في سوريا. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض النقد البناء للدراسة. أولاً، قد تكون البيانات المستخدمة قديمة نسبياً، مما قد يؤثر على دقة النتائج والاستنتاجات. ثانياً، لم تتناول الدراسة بشكل كافٍ التحديات السياسية والأمنية التي قد تؤثر على جذب الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في سوريا. ثالثاً، يمكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت مقارنة مع دول أخرى في المنطقة لتقديم صورة أوضح عن البيئة الاستثمارية في سوريا. وأخيراً، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين توصيات أكثر تحديداً وقابلة للتنفيذ لتحسين البيئة الاستثمارية في سوريا.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو دور الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في تنويع الاقتصاد السوري؟

    يساهم الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في تنويع الاقتصاد السوري من خلال تطوير قطاعات اقتصادية متعددة بأقل تكلفة، وخلق فرص عمل، وجلب رؤوس الأموال والخبرات الفنية، مما يساعد على تنمية مناطق جغرافية متنوعة.

  2. ما هي القوانين التي تم إصدارها لتشجيع الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في سوريا؟

    تم إصدار المرسوم التشريعي رقم 7 لعام 2007 والقانون رقم 10 لعام 1991 لتشجيع الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في سوريا.

  3. ما هي التحديات التي لم تتناولها الدراسة بشكل كافٍ؟

    لم تتناول الدراسة بشكل كافٍ التحديات السياسية والأمنية التي قد تؤثر على جذب الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في سوريا.

  4. كيف يمكن تحسين البيئة الاستثمارية في سوريا بناءً على توصيات الدراسة؟

    يمكن تحسين البيئة الاستثمارية في سوريا من خلال التخطيط المسبق لمجالات الاستثمار، وتوجيه المستثمرين نحو مشروعات البنية التحتية، ووضع معايير لتنمية الموارد البشرية، وتعزيز الترابط بين الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والمنشآت المحلية.


References used
The Syrian Consulting Bureau (SCB). (2003). Investment Incentives in Syria and Their Effectiveness. Damascu
Sukkar, N. (2004). The Future of the Syrian Economy: Threats and Opportunities" (in Arabic). Banking Conference. Damascus: Al-Safeer 2004 and Syria Today 2005
Syrian Consulting Bureau. (2010). The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Emplyment and Social Security in Syria: Current Situation, Gaps and Challenges. Damascus
Retrieved from TheInter-Arab Investment Guarantee Corporation www.iaigc.org
Retrieved from Central Bnak of Syria: http://www.banquecentrale.gov.sy/index.html
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Given the growing interest and the race between countries to foreign direct investment, especially after the financial policies and recent developments and global economic crisis in the Arab region, and the crisis in the euro zone and the recession in the global investment market, with the moderns developments in foreign investment trends, all countries and especially developing countries seek to provide favorable conditions for attracting foreign direct investment, and Algeria, like other developing countries, are not immune to these changes, which calls for the adoption of policies and reforms that create the appropriate economic environment and adopt a policy of open door to foreign investment so that it matches these developments in order to benefit from its advantages and strengthen their competitiveness in an open world trade and foreign investment and at the end engage in the circle of economic growth and achieve sustainable development in general. This paper aims to find out the measures by which the Algeria seeks to enable foreign direct investment towards sustainability, as sustainable development is a prerequisite for the realization of justice and equity in the distribution of development gains and wealth between generations.
Investment is a key component of growth, and a key supporter of the development plans, In recent years, the evolution of the developmental role of the General Organization for Social Insurance significantly, through development of the nature of th eir work, and orientation to take advantage of all opportunities to achieve what is in the interest of all beneficiaries on the one hand, and support the development of other plans. This research aims to study the impact of investment surpluses in General Organization for Social Insurance on economic development by analyzing the role of investment and its effect in all investments in Syria, then we study the impact of investments revenues on GDP . The main finding of the research was the significantly role of investment the surpluses in increasing the average of investments in Syria, and the significantly and strongly relationship between the investment of the surpluses in General Organization for Social Insurance and all investments in Syria, and there is significantly and strongly relationship between the revenue of that investment and GDP, which means the positive effect of that investments on economic development in Syria.
Investment is considered the engine to economic growth because it leads to many productive and service projects and in many other fields as well. Investment creates lots of job opportunities and offer the government and individuals financial revenues which usually come back in the economic circle through sales, this increases the absorption capacity of the national economy and expanding consumption in addition to ameliorate the living conditions for citizens. Investment has different aspects such as local private and public investment, direct and indirect foreign investment. In all cases, it is considered a fundamental venue and basic motivation for growth in any community. The research concentrates on the subject of investment and the role of private investment in the Syrian economy during the period 2006-2010. The objectives are first to explore the legislative and legal structure of private investment through analyzing the main features of the Syrian economy in early twenty 1st century and the development of this structure, which is the first part of the research. The second objective is to study the importance of private investments at the sector level and locally and abroad as well, which constitute the main theme of the second part of the research under the title “the development of the private investments in the Syrian Economy”.
Investments are generally real and actual swatch of overall community development، development that generate power from factors and of itself and of itself، the importance of investment flows in difficult circumstances with which that State as it i s now in Syria، and especially that she was subjected to significant losses as a result of this unjust war waged since March 15، 2011، and therefore reflected the priority of economic policy generally improving economic indicators of economic growth rate and GDP and improving The balance of trade and increase cash reserves and others، Syrian investment body policy particularly stimulating domestic and foreign investment and attracted to Syria، and that is the essence and substance of our research.
The research focuses on the demands on the study of the total investment evolution, agricultural, investment and knowledge of the nature of the changes taking place during the period (2000-2011), and evaluate the performance of the economy and its ability to attract investments from the lack of it, in addition to the analysis of the factors affecting the total investment, agriculture and investment in Syria. Using descriptive and analytical approach, and quantitative analysis of the record, and it was the most important findings: that the annual growth of the net balance of payments is negative rate and the rate of 18.35-%, which will result in the deterioration of its value from year to year, as demonstrated by the total flexibility to function total investment transactions that increase the value of both exports College (x1), and foreign reserves (X3), and the deficit in the state budget (X8) 1% can lead both to increase the total investment by 3.5%, in total flexibility transactions to function agricultural investment showed that the increase in the value of each of the total exports GNP (X2), and foreign reserves (X3), the net balance of payments (X6) 1% can lead both to increase the total investment by 22.3%, and is the former variables of the most important determinants-oriented investment product and agriculture in Syria. Accordingly it requires the Syrian economy in order to increase its investments create the economic climate, and political investment and economic development.
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