The Founder in Joint Stock Companies

Arab and foreign legislation and jurisprudential opinions and jurisprudence of the courts agreed that the founder is the owner of the initiative in the establishment of joint stock companies, And differed in determining the status of the founder between the broad concept, and strait.

The Effects of Commercial Paper Collection Contract According To The Syrian law

The Contract of Paper Collection forces many of Contractual obligations on parties, and bank's customer may suffer damages because of the bank's contractual liability in this issue. Hence, it is important to determine the parties' obligations and the scope of bank liability, since the Syrian commercial law did not regulate the codes of this contract nor the scope of banks liability .So it's necessary to discuss the provisions of the agency contract and general principles of liability in the Syrian civil law, taking into consideration the rules of banking customs

The Civil Liability of Media Web Sites

Web sites have brought about a mass media revolution, that proved to be pivotal in the fields of change, Such web sites have even managed to compete with traditional media, both in terms of efficiency and popularity. Thus raising several intricate legal questions, in the forefront of these is the question of the civil liability of these mass media web sites for the harmful or illegal content thereof. Given the large number of persons usually in charge of operating such web sites the question is raised about how to identify the person liable, and about the cases where the liability of mass media web sites really exists .

The criminal liability of moral persons about environment crimes Comparative study

Environmental crimes and its subdivide problems have considered the most important challenge that pain humanity now days, especially after the pollution and its various forms has prevailed the world that we live in, and has become serious threat to human life and other living organisms. Moral persons and their activities have been considered the most polluting elements to the environment and in the same time many important questions raise in this domain about the opinion of legislation of penal liability of moral persons in environment crimes and the conditions which is required. Therefore it would be useful to lay alight on the penal liability of moral persons and to show the position of legislations in Syria and other countries .

The Effect of Central Bank Asset and Liability Management on its Profitability

The central bank is a sovereign institution that plays a pivotal and active role in the banking and financial system, therefore the related studies have special importance. This study aims to clear the concept of profitability and asset and liability management at the central banks because of the mysterious which surround them, especially in light of the general objectives that the central banks pursue to achieve. The growing interest in the subject of profitability due to its role in strengthening the financial position of the central bank and strengthen its ability to carry out its functions effectively, as well as to indicate the sources of income of the central banks, and identify the strategies followed by the central banks to manage its assets and liabilities, and their effect on profitability. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher, after the presentation of the theoretical framework for the study, conduct an analytical study of the financial statements contained in the published reports of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, during the period from 1/7/2005 to 30/6/2011, in order to clarify the theoretical framework for the study, and its compatibility with practice. Thus, the researcher conducting statistical test to show the effect of changes in the size of central bank assets and liabilities on a net income of the Central bank, has been using the statistical program SPSS 18 to reach the results of this test. The study concluded that the changes in the sizes of the assets and liabilities of the central bank does not affect its net income, in the other words that we can't predict the profitability of central bank depending on the size of its assets or liabilities. The lack of profit maximization as a key target does not mean that Central does not seek through its management of its assets and liabilities for profit, but it means that his main goal is to achieve the objectives of monetary policy and then make a profit. Seiniorage is the most important sources of income of the central and most stable, while the most important function of the Central bank which is formulating monetary policy do not generate any revenue. In addition to that there are many factors that threaten central bank's profitability such as dollarization, electronic money and low inflation levels.

Legal nature of the parties liability in the preparing stage before the contract (Study in international contracts of technology transfer)

The international contracts of technology transfer are considered to be one of the most important agreements for the undeveloped countries for many reasons, firstly through these contracts the undeveloped countries could fill the gap between them and developed countries technically, ofcourse if they did well, secondly these contracts can also help the undeveloped countries to attain the growing levels which enable them to achieve prosperity and welfare for their citizens, still, those contracts arouse suspicions and they can lead to several lawful issues- yet I tried concentrating on preparing stage which precedes making an agreement and the responsibility of parties, for that what motivates me for that is the absence of lawful texts which regulate this phase inspite of its important. through this research I have tried to enlight some legal aspects about the contract negotiations, the preparing agreement other issues following the comparable approach thereby. ...