This research aims at evaluating the effect of fire on the erosion of burned forest soils
after rainfall. The research was carried out during (2010/2011) in a pine forest near the
village of Ein Al-Jaouz at an altitude of 900m, north east Tartous g
overnorate. The forest
had a fire in October 2009.
Ten metal plots (2m2 each plot) were used to evaluate soil erosion, five plots in the
burned part of the forest and another five plots in the unburned part.
The runoff coefficient, soil erosion rate, soil pH and rate of some mineral elements
(Ca++, K+ , Mg++) were estimated and compared in the two parts.
This study showed that the runoff coefficient was three times as great on the burned
part as on the unburned part, and the rate of soil erosion was 7.22 Mg/ha in the burned part
and 0.1Mg/ha in the unburned part. This shows the impact of fire in increasing soil erosion
and runoff. This study also showed the difference in cation concentrations in the runoff
water between the two parts.
The study reveals the importance of protecting forests against fire. This is to limit
soil erosion and its economic and environmental consequences.
The aim of this research was to investigate the changes of vegetation and
regeneration of plant species in Kassab forests after 1991 fire. The study area is
located in the North western part of Syria in the middle of Al-Baier and Al-
Bassit forest
s to the North of Latakia. Thirty five plant surveys (Relevé) were
carried out in the study area during 2009 according to Braun-Blanquet method
included the burned area and the nearby locations of non-burned forest. By
comparing the plant surveys (Relevé), results showed good regeneration of
most plant species that were in the study area before the fire. Three forms of
vegetation were distinguished in the study area: 1 - The areas where dominance
is shared between Pinus brutia Ten. and Quercus cerris L. subsp. pseudocerris
(Boiss.) Chalabi. 2 - Areas dominated by Pinus brutia Ten. with accompanying
species from Eu-Mediterranean zone and supra Mediterranean zone. 3 – Areas
where Pinus brutia Ten. and Quercus cerris L. subsp. pseudocerris (Boiss.)
Chalabi are partly or completely absent, and dominated by shrubs and grass
species.
Syrian narrative writers have used a number of symbols in
their narrative works, one of which is fire, which has been used very
flexibly. Fire stood for punishment, catharsis, fear, and desire both in
relation to the theme of the relevant story an
d its title.
The paper leaves it open for new significations for this symbol
that might appear in new meanings and forms by other narrative
writers not dealt with here.
This research aimed to study the natural regeneration of Pinus brutia in Qurdaha
region, and to determine the most important factors affecting the regeneration. 42 circular
samples were taken, the area of each sample was 400m2. The following measur
ements were
taken: geographic coordinates of each sample's centre, altitude, aspect, the slope, forest
litter thickness, the proportion of gravels, stones and rocks, tree, bushes and herb cover.
Forest inventories were achieved using Braun-Blanquet method. Which, the number of
sample seedlings, the seedling height, seedling diameter, the seedling age, burning trees
and alive trees of Pinus brutia were registered. The results showed a significant negative
effect of slope and a significant positive effect of herb cover, where the percentage of data
classification by the model was reached 74.4%, while the Nagelkerke R2value was 37%.
The negative effect of the slope comes from increasing the risks of soil erosion and the loss
in their nutritional elements. In contrast, the positive effect of herbal coverage is the
contribution to reducing the risks of summer drought that can be affect the seedlings.
In this paper, we discussed the equality between the crime of fire and the
crime of damage by means of explosive material as two crimes constituting
a total danger, We have introduced the legal adaptation of the notion of
systemic danger by defining the concept of danger in terms of both its
definition and its nature, And then to describe the protected interest in
crimes that constitute a total danger.
