ABSTRACT
This paper presents the measurement of the laser Threshold damage of an optical surface at different roughness coefficients. The study procedure is achieved
through the manufacturing of two types of parallel-sided borosilicate plate (Glass
Bk7, and SF13).
The Laser used is ND: YAG pulsed laser and the longitudinal mode TEM00 laser pulses with pulse width τ =30ns and wave length λ=1.064μm, the laser
beam is focused using F=30 mm lens. The concentrated laser beam is guided by a converging lens towards the optical surface of the parallel surface plate.
Finally, we obtained a graph of roughness coefficient is drawn in relation the optical Threshold Damage of the optical surface, Before and after processing
the optical surface. We were able to raise the threshold by about 15% after conducting thermal treatment of the optical surface.
In this paper, we discussed the equality between the crime of fire and the
crime of damage by means of explosive material as two crimes constituting
a total danger, We have introduced the legal adaptation of the notion of
systemic danger by defining the concept of danger in terms of both its
definition and its nature, And then to describe the protected interest in
crimes that constitute a total danger.
This study aims to investigate the capacity of numerical
models to reproduce the monotonic behavior of reinforced concrete
framed structures.
The radiating process of a crystalline sample cause damages in this sample .These damages composed mostly of displaced sample atoms from their regular position in lattice, and placed in irregular position, and of very less quantity from some beam par
ticles ( strange particles ) , that placed inside of this sample. The depth and amount of these damages are correlating with radiating parameters. It's possible to estimate the depth distribution profiles of damages by RBS-Method, but the sensitivity of this method is not enough to determine the depth distribution of concentration of beam particles , that placed inside of the sample . The placement depth of RBS-Profiles top is strongly correlated with orientation angle of a sample's channel relative to radiating beam also to kind of channel ,whereas the RBS-Profiles top displaces in depth , in channel radiation compare with its counter part in random radiation and the displacement value correlates with radiation parameters The height of RBS-Profiles top increase by increasing of radiation dose, and height that can't be survived called amorph state , and the agreeing dose called ,amorph dose , the amorph dose correlates also with radiation parameters, special sample temperature.
Intellectual property laws regulate and protect the rights arising
from the design of computer programs and its production along with
its special legislation. Thus, the attack on these programs pose a
threat to those rights, which its owners did t
heir best to produce and
benefit their communities.
The crime of damaging programs and information is an IT
crime considered as a serious attacks mainly on information
property. However it's different in the case of damaging crime, as it
is not aimed at the enrichment at the expense of others, nor get the
programs of others illegally, but targets only damage, destruction
and vandalism to others property information without any
enrichment.
The “causal relationship” is the direct tie between the “act” or “cause of act” and the “result”. Although the proving of this principle is consistent with public traditional rules, it is very difficult to prove it in the field of environment because
of multiple environmental damage sources.
In this research, we try to understand the difficulties and address suggested solutions to overcome them. The research is divided into two main parts: the first one defines the “causal relationship” and its proving theories, while the second part aims to present causal relationship proving difficulties in the environmental field, and suggested ways to prove it without breaking out general principles.
It became clear to us that the “produced cause theory” is one of the most appropriate methods that follows general rules, but Judge should take on his consideration the modern methods of created juristic and legislative
When we visited the United Arab Company for Spinning and Weaving In the capital, Damascus, we found
a lot of problems in the units of feeding steam, and the most prominent of these problems occur corrosion
in the pipe of steam boilers, And the coll
apse in the heat exchanger on the thread dyeing machine (the
collapse of the body and pipes), so we took a group of samples in the places that suffer problems in order
to determine the mechanical and chemical properties, we found through analysis that the boiler tubes
were made of carbon steel, while the tubes and the body of heat exchanger was made of stainless steel, has
been shown through research that pipe boilers of carbon steel suffers of problems as a result overheating,
hydrogen damage and an attack Oxide, And the body of heat exchanger was suffering from an corrosion
Cracking result of the high proportion of chromium in it (chromium ratio up to 17%), has been
developing a set of solutions represented to be the metal surfaces clean and homogeneous, and must be
feed water free of salts, suspended solids, and gases
The aim of this paper is to test the influence of the laser brightness on the
retina of eye of lacerta laevis, and the value of the distortion or damage in the
construction of photoreceptors (Cones), which are responsible of the viewing
process or
in the pigmentary epithelial layer which protect from the high light
intensity.
On the other hand, the continuation of the exposure to the He- Ne laser
beam the number of the damaged cells, that causes the loss of entire
photoreceptor layer. The results show similar effects at specular reflection.
Hence, it is very important to pay attention to the hazard emerged from the
laser beam in visible range, which requires to apply the special goggles, as well
as to keep the laser pointers out of reach of children.
