This study included a test of 90 chickens; 90 samples as (a chest) and 90 samples as (a thigh). These samples were divided into four categories: the first one (45 chests) was stored with packages in a tin sheet, the second (45 chests) unpacked, the t
hird (45 thighs) was stored with packages in a tin plate, the fourth (45 thighs) unpacked. The samples of each category were divided into three groups. Each group consists of 15 samples. These groups were stored at (25+°, 4+°, 20-°) .Then, the pH and the total count of bacteria were measured during storage in order to observe the time in which the samples will start to spoil in accordance with the Syrian Standards and Specifications Corporation 2007. We noticed the following physical changes: color, odor, flavor and texture. The results showed that the spoilage of the thigh samples happened before the chest ones and the packaged samples before the unpackaged ones. The samples spoiled after 24h of storage at 25+° and after 7 days of storage at 4+°, whereas, there was no spoilage noticed for the samples at 20-° but the appearance changed after 6 months of storage. Packing had a good effect on preservation. The conclusions and the suggestions were written in order to guide the consumer in the field of poultry meat storage.
Antimicrobial compounds have been used for decades in poultry diets to increase
performance and decrease morbidity particularly in broiler chickens. However, consumer
pressure related to the potential development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria ha
s resulted in
the development of non-antibiotic feed additives that may also improve broiler erformance.
In recent years, aromatic plants and their extracts have received attention as growth and
health promoters. Such products have several advantages over commonly used commercial
antibiotics since they are residue free and they are also, generally recognized as safe and
commonly used items in the food industry. The antimicrobial properties of medical plants
and their extracts have been widely reported because they consist of many active
ompounds such as carvacrol, eugenol,which partition lipids in the bacterial cell wall and
mitochondria, disturbing the structures and rendering them more permeable.
Generally,medical plants are slightly more active against Gram-positive than Gramnegative
bacteria. Medical plants are well known for their antioxidant activity and show a
considerable effect on increasing the antioxidant capacity of chicken meat because they
consist of many of active compounds such as tocopherol, carvacrol. Spices or their active
principles have been reported to stimulate digestive secretions such as lipase, amylase and
proteases.because they consist of many active compounds such as anothol, eugenol.
Variable effects of medical plants and their extracts on the productive performance of
broiler have been reported. The majority of experimental results indicate improved body
weight gain or final body weight and feed conversion ratio.
The study was taken place at the experimental station (kharabo), Faculty of
Agriculture, Damascus University, 1464 - one day old chicks of the hybrid
Lohmann were used to determine the effect of adding different levels of
methionine without or wit
h lysine on some of carcass traits. Chicks were
divided randomly and equally into 8 groups (183 each) at the first day with 3
replicates for every group (61 each).
The research was conducted at the poultry farm in Kharabo, Faculty of
Agriculture, Damascus University. 1080 chicks of Lohman hybrid, one day old,
distributed randomly and equally into six different groups, G1….G6 (180
chicks/ group) with three re
plicates in each group (60 chicks per replicate).
Chicks in all groups were fattened for 42 days on Diets composed of vegetarian
feeding stuffs, based on corn, soya bean meal and different additives. Chicks of
G1 were fed on the main diet without adding iron or copper. The chicks in G2
and G3 were fed on the main diet mixed with 80 and 160 ppm of iron
respectively. The vhicks of G4 were also fed on the main diet mixed with 8 ppm
of copper. The Chicks of G5 and G6 were fed on the main diet mixed with iron
and copper (80 and 8 ppm) and (160 and 8 ppm), respectively. Results
demonstrated that adding iron and/or copper to the broiler diet was safe for
chickens up to 42 days of age and did not affect significantly on carcass
parameters. Supplementation of broiler diet with 8 ppm of copper was not
associated with accumulation of copper in the tissues of liver, leg bone, breast,
and thigh. Adding 80-160 ppm of iron to the broiler diets was not associated
with high level of accumulation of iron in the tissues of breast and thigh but
with high concentrations (p < 0.05) in the tissues of liver and leg bone.
The research was carried out on (960) broiler chicks of the hybrid Hibrd in
the Poultry Unite of Kharabo–Agriculture Faculty–Damascus University,
during 27/10/2003 and 23/12/2003.
The chicks were distributed randomly since the first day of age int
o four
experimental groups, every group contained 240 chicks distributed as four
replicates, every replication contained 60 chicks, the area of the replication was
5.5m2 and the density was 11 chicks/m2. Every replication is an independent
sector from byre is open type on deep litter, all conditions of keeping and
caring were the same for all birds of replications.
The purpose of research was to study of effect of using different levels of the
energy and raw protein into mixtures of (pre-starter) since the first day until
sixth day of age on absorption of yolk sac, growth of digestive system ,and some
productive parameters of broiler. 48 chicks were dissected, the chicks were
distributed as 16 chicks in the first day and 16 chicks in the fourth day and 16
chicks in the sixth day of age, from every group 4chicks were evaluated.
The research was carried out on 1774 chicks of sexual separate chicken from
the hybrid Hibrd. The chicks were distributed into five groups, every group
contained three repelications, and the chicks were fattened until the age of six
weeks. The pro
gram of feeding and sex was as the following in every group:
The first group /control/: Its birds were both male and female /not sexual
separate fattening/, they were fed on three vegetal mixtures
according to age stages.
The second group: Its birds were only male, and it was fed on three vegetal
mixtures according to age stages /the mixtures of control group /.
The third group: Its birds were only female, and it was fed on three vegetal
mixtures according to age stages /the mixtures of control group/.
The fourth group: Its birds were only male, it was fed according to age stages
on three vegetal mixtures, which were distinguished by there high
content of metabolic energy and raw protein, with comparison
between them and the mixtures of control group.
The fifth group: Its birds were only female, it was fed on three vegetal
mixtures, according to age stages, which were distinguished by
there low content of metabolic energy and raw protein with
comparison between them and the mixtures of control group.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid
(AA) during egg incubation on development of broiler chickens of a
commercial stock. In Experiment ١, eggs with living embryos were injected at
١٥ d of incubation with ٠٫١ ml o
f saline solution containing either ٣ or ١٢ mg of
AA per egg and uninjected control. Body weights of each treatment were
determined weekly from hatch to ٦ wk of age. In Experiment ٢, the treatments
at ١٥ d of incubation were as follows: ١) eggs injected with ٣ mg of AA and
then cooled at ٢٢° C for ٢٤ h; ٢) eggs dipped in ٣٪ solution of AA for ٣ min
and then cooled at ٢٢° C for ٢٤ h; and ٣) control. Embryo weight at ١٩ d of
incubation, hatchability and body weights of the hatched chicks were
determined.
Two experiments were couducted to study the effect of reducing the level of
animal protein on the carcass quality of broilers. Eight hundred birds used in
the first experiment were divided into ٤ groups and left under ٣ feeding stages.
Four hundre
d birds used in the second experiment were divided into two others
groups and left under two feeding stages.
An experiment was carried out using (350) one day-old broiler non
sexed chicks of commercial line. The birds were distributed into 7
groups (of 50 birds each).
hybrid commercial chicks (Hubbard Flex) were A total of /450/
reared from 1 to 42 days of age. Chicks were distributed into five
groups; each group contained 90 birds within three replicates. Five
diets were used; the first was the traditional die
t (control group) and
the others differed in the growth promoters added and were as
following: nutritional antibiotic (Lincomycin) for the second group,
probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) for the third group, prebiotec (manna
oligosaccharide) for the forth group and finally a mixture of organic
acids for the fifth group.
