This paper describes the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) machine translation sys- tems and the improvements that were developed during the WMT21 evaluation campaign. This year, we explore various methods of adapting our baseline models from WMT20 and again measure improvements in performance on the Russian--English language pair.
The aim of this study was to estimate the total amount of phenolic compounds of olive
trees leaves (Olea europaea L.) as Biomarker for the assessment of lead air pollution at
Banias area. Olive trees were selected as the predominant species in the
study area. The
samples were collected from 6 locations at different distances from the vicinity of the
Banias refinery (0.1, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 10) Km. The dominated wind in the region is western -
southwesterly during the winter (March) and summer (September), The control was taken
from an area about 20 km from the refinery to the north-east (al-Qardahah rural).
The concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPC) during the summer was (45.6-70.85)
mg GAE/g dw and in the control (40.4) mg GAE/g dw, and during the winter the content
of TPC was (35.6-52.9) mg GAE/g dw and in the control (25.8) mg GAE/g dw. The
concentration of Lead (Pb) in unwashed leaves during the summer was (0.879 – 2.170)
ppm and in the control (0.005) ppm, whilst during the winter was (0.479-1.023) ppm and
in the control (0.00083) ppm. The results showed significant differences in the
concentration of total phenolic compounds and lead between sites (Anova test). High
concentration of total phenols and lead in the summer compared to values in winter at all
sites (t-test). The results also showed a negative correlation between the concentration of
total phenolic compounds and lead with the distance from the refinery of Banias. Finally,
The results showed that the TPC can be used as biomarker of lead air pollution in Banias
area.
The research was conducted to study the resistance of Nerium plant which are planting on
sides of roads and the cities portals. The research was performed by studying the leaves of
Nerium plant, through studying the length and weigh of the leaf, an
d its area and water
content. In addition to studying the wools and hiatus and chlorophyll concentration, and
compared the results between the polluted region which is the entry of Banias City, and the
control one which is the gardens of Tishreen University.
Results showed non significant reduction in length, weight and area of the leaf in the
polluted region compared with the control one. It attained (16.2 cm, 0.97 g and 26.3 cm2),
respectively in the polluted region. Where it was (17.8 cm, 1.25 g and 27.7 cm2), for
control region, respectively. Also, there was no significant differences in water content
between the two studied regions. It attained respectively (52.2 and 53.9 %).
Our results showed:
- That a number of hiatus decreased, whereas the wools increased in the polluted region
compared with control region insignificantly. The mean of a number of it was 12 in
polluted region, compared with 14 in the control region.
- A simple insignificant reduction in the concentration of chlorophyll A in polluted region
compared with the control, where it attained (0.93 and 0.98), respectively.
The Nerium oleander plant was resistance and tolerance to the air pollution.
The present research was conducted to study the resistance of Acasia tree which were
near to Banias- Jableh freeway. This study was performed by study the stomata and its
distribution on the upper and down leaf surfaces.
Also, a concentration of c
hlorophyll and a severity of photosynthesis, then compared
the results between the polluted region with the control one.
Results showed that a number of stomata decreased in polluted region compared to
the control one, where this reduction play a role in reduce the injury resulting from gas air
pollutants, and this reflexes on the severity of photosynthesis and the chlorophyll.
In this research, we studied the methods of cryogenics depended on Joule-Thomson
effect. We studied in-depth what the other researchers( KAPITZA, CLAUDE,
HELANDT and others) do to reach low temperatures and thus to the
liquefaction temperature of
air.
We studied in detail the effects of throttling and expansion and we compared
them to the possibility of use both and the ideal conditions to use both of
them.
This research outlines the legal regulations for this kind of pollution
in Iraq, Egypt and Syria by defining pesticides, their source and
harmful effects on humans and the environment; and then outlining
the laws that control it in the above-menti
oned countries which put
preventive and punitive measures to protect air from pollution by
pesticides to ensure the best level of protection of public health; one
of the aims of administrative regulations for the protection of the
environment. It also presents applicable suggestions and
recommendations that help any one who aims at reaching good
management of pesticides and a clean environment.
Meteorological elements affect the dynamics of air pollutants, where
these elements can play an important role in dispersing and
transferring air pollutants as well as to photochemical reactions of
secondary air pollutants.
This study was conduct
ed to analyze the effect of several
meteorological variables on the concentrations of some air pollutants
(Co, NO2, SO2, O3, PM10) at two sites in Damascus city, by using the
Pearson correlation coefficient.
This research aims to study the reduction of air heaters corrosion in
steam boilers and increasing their efficiency , by the application of
combined heating of air by steam and exhaust gases.
The experimental data of this research demonstrates tha
theater
corrosion could bereduced by maintaining the exhaust gases
temperature above the dew point of sulfuric acid depending onthe
amount of sulphur in the fuel oil ,by controlling air heat temperature
by steam.Which increases the boiler efficiency as a consequence of
reducing the fuel consumption by 9% as a maximum , reduces heat
loss, minimizes maintenance costs and reduces the time of emergency
shutdowns.
We discussed the importance of studying the trichomes award in
olive trees, leaves and its role in the resistance to these trees against
pollution resulting from the Banias refinery intake, through the
study of their density and distribution on a
superficial paper and
examine the concentration of chlorophyll in the leaves, and
comparing the results between the contaminated areas and the
control area .
Results showed that the density of the trichomes play a role in
protecting the ports of entry into force of pollutants into the plant
tissue, and its impact on the pigments of photosynthesis, and thus
the process of photosynthesis.
This research focuses on identifying spatial and temporal variationsof the carbon
dioxide system in the surface seawater of Tartouscityduring the period betweenspring and
summer 2015.In Addition to the extent influenced by some hydrological propert
ies of
water (temperature and salinity) and the impact all of this on the pH of marine water
values.
The results showed low partial pressure of the carbon dioxide in seawaters (PCO2
sea)
in the summercompared with spring, which is reflected on the air-sea flux values (FCO2),
where CO2 released from surface seawater to the air in summer and incontradiction of that
in the spring (0.0632mmol /m²/ day and -0.0715 mmol /m²/day, respectively). In spring,
low temperature and salinity of the water (22.707-22.727C and 37.605-37.765‰
respectively), in addition to increased biological activity contributed in increasing the
absorption of CO2 from the water.These leading to a decrease PCO2
sea (409.0- 429.5μatm)
associated with low concentrations of all of the total inorganic carbon (2229.5-
2242.5μmol/kg) and total alkalinity (2588.873-2590.9μmol/kg). and as a result the surface
sea waters become a reservoir of dioxide carbon atmospheric.
In the summer, the rise in temperature and salinity of surface seawater (28.85-
29.60Cand38.15-38.60‰, respectively) and reduced biological activity all contributed to
the decrease dissolved CO2 values and increase of PCO2
sea(437.5 - 453.5μatm)
associated with increasing concentrations of each of the total inorganic carbon
(2267.9 - 2296.0μmol/kg) and total alkalinity (2739.6 -2741.2μmol/kg).In this way the
surface sea water is source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
