Recent studies have proposed different methods to improve multilingual word representations in contextualized settings including techniques that align between source and target embedding spaces. For contextualized embeddings, alignment becomes more c
omplex as we additionally take context into consideration. In this work, we propose using Optimal Transport (OT) as an alignment objective during fine-tuning to further improve multilingual contextualized representations for downstream cross-lingual transfer. This approach does not require word-alignment pairs prior to fine-tuning that may lead to sub-optimal matching and instead learns the word alignments within context in an unsupervised manner. It also allows different types of mappings due to soft matching between source and target sentences. We benchmark our proposed method on two tasks (XNLI and XQuAD) and achieve improvements over baselines as well as competitive results compared to similar recent works.
Natural language processing (NLP) is often the backbone of today's systems for user interactions, information retrieval and others. Many of such NLP applications rely on specialized learned representations (e.g. neural word embeddings, topic models)
that improve the ability to reason about the relationships between documents of a corpus. Paired with the progress in learned representations, the similarity metrics used to compare representations of documents are also evolving, with numerous proposals differing in computation time or interpretability. In this paper we propose an extension to a specific emerging hybrid document distance metric which combines topic models and word embeddings: the Hierarchical Optimal Topic Transport (HOTT). In specific, we extend HOTT by using context-enhanced word representations. We provide a validation of our approach on public datasets, using the language model BERT for a document categorization task. Results indicate competitive performance of the extended HOTT metric. We furthermore apply the HOTT metric and its extension to support educational media research, with a retrieval task of matching topics in German curricula to educational textbooks passages, along with offering an auxiliary explanatory document representing the dominant topic of the retrieved document. In a user study, our explanation method is preferred over regular topic keywords.
Rural areas form a large part of Syria's coastal area. Linking between these areas and city
centers transact of a network of roads. Each of these roads and transport means form the
rural transport system which characterized by general characteristi
cs of low levels of
traffic, economic activity and population density, and long distances between centers such
as service centers. The presenting of services, operations and maintenance characterize at
high costs, and there are often difficult geographical and natural conditions.
Vehicle operating costs refer to costs that vary with vehicle usage, including fuel, tires,
maintenance, repairs…etc., which dependent on the mileage.
Transportation agencies and maintenance workshops were visited during this study. As
well as, interviews have been done with a random sample of public transport drivers
working on some rural axes in the coastal area, in order to obtain the required information
about the vehicle operating and maintenance costs.
The study concluded by identifying the most important factors that may effect on the tariff
of passenger transport on rural axes (maintenance of the vehicle, fuel costs, quality of the
road .....) and proposing a number of recommendations aimed at improving the public
transport system and raising its efficiency in rural areas.
Most of the villages and rural towns, in general, and in Latakia, in particular, suffer from
poor transport organizing and Serving of people so that travelling has become a great
suffering for most people. After studying the transport situation bet
ween Jableh and
Latakia, we found that this city suffers from transport problems like other cities. This is
because of transport poor management and regulation including timing, the number of
vehicles available and inability to meet demand, which causes a deterioration in service
quality.
The research provided a comprehensive method to evaluate the performance of public
transport on the road by evaluating travel time, the journey speed, and the buses volume
and frequency. Considering these indicators as a criterion for evaluating the performance
of public transport to determine the most effective factors regarding the quality of
performance of public transport and improve this performance in future. A field and
practical study of the research has been conducted, which includes selecting of study sites,
collecting engineering and traffic data, designing of questionnaires and distributing them
on random passengers and drivers working on Jableh - Lattakia transportation road to find
out their opinions. Then the data has been inserted into SPSS Statistics Base program for
analyzing the results.
The research has concluded that the performance of public transport between Jableh and
Latakia is generally weak, and the largest proportion of passengers depend on their
mobility on minibuses, which does not satisfy the required transportation level. Therefore,
a range of solutions has been developed depending on local conditions which will ease the
burden of mobility and raise the transportation performance level.
The transport sector provides suitable and appropriate conditions for the development of
the various sectors of the national economy, productivity and other services. Its
relationship with these sectors is characterized by a mutual influence relati
onship, which
means that no progress or development can be achieved in any of these sectors without
preceded or accompanied by significant progress in the transport sector.
The government has given special importance to this division since the inception of
independence, when the sector was allocated large provision in its successive five-year
plans. After the year 2000, there was a big leap in the provision of the allocations assigned
to the transport sector, where reached (to the ninth five-year plan (2001-2005)) the
equivalent to the expenditure on this sector in the previous five-year plans combined.
The systematic destruction and devastation of the crisis in Syria since March 2011 aimed at
splitting the country and paralyzing the traffic of passengers and goods. As a result, the
transport sector suffered heavy economic losses in its infrastructure and transportation.
These losses were evaluated in this research for the years 2011-2012, 2013 and the state of
the transport sector was reviewed before the crisis.
In view of the importance of this sector and its key role in the reconstruction, there was a
package of proposals and visions that were put forward for the reconstruction of the
infrastructure of the sector itself as a priority and strengthening the role of this sector in the
reconstruction and development within the framework of comprehensive regional planning
and sustainable development.
Perhaps the most important impact of the crisis was the decision of the Syrian state oriental
direction in its policy, which directly affects the implementation of transport networks and
infrastructure and means of transport.
Based on the goal of linking the five seas, which have set a higher goal in the national
framework for regional planning, some visions have been reviewed that can achieve this
goal in order to attract international transport and transit through Syria and exploit its
geographical position as a transport hub leading to an increase in economic growth rate To
raise the contribution of the transport sector to GDP.
The theory of quantum liquids (quantum liquid theory) in the last few Years largely
developed because of the brood spectrum of natural phenomenon relating to the limitation
of parameters of the this (the parameters of the Landau Fermi liquid theory
). We aim
through this paper to resolve kinetic equation for the spin density. After adding Rashba
term of spin-orbit coupling that belong to Landau parameters of orders ( 0,1). Also
calculated the magnetic susceptibility also taking into account the mutual influence
function,wich we have greeted from the collective perturbation energy. The propagation in
quantum liquids by calculation(wave modes) at zeros complex function of magnetic
susceptibility.
Photosynthetic transport was studied as an indicator of photosynthesis efficiency in
two bread wheat cultivars (ACSAD 899, ACSAD 1059) under the influence of one of the
salt stress.
This study was carried out in sand cultures irrigated with nutrie
nt solution in a
growth chamber, and 14 days seedlings were treated with 100 mM of sodium chloride.
Later the electron transport rates in those plants thylakoids were measured in 21, 28, 35
days of the experiment.
Electron transport rates decreased in ACSAD 899 and reached 57% in the last day of
the experiment, while it was 24.6% in ACSAD 1059.
The decrease in photosynthetic electron transport rate leads to a decrease in the
reduction rate of CO2 and the plant productivity as a consequence. Therefore, it could be
used as criterion to express photosynthesis.
locomotive wheel slip in railway transport is a very actual problem for operation
process especially on the main tracks and tracks between industrial oil company and
power- generating stations, which always need to supply by oil products.
This res
earch included the conclusion of the reasons leading to the occurrence of the
event wheel slip as well as study the technical reality of the work of sand management
system in the locomotives and conduct analyzes and assessments of the substance sand
used to overcome such situation with the suggestion of suitable alternatives to raise the
adhesion coefficient between the railway wheels and improve an operating circumstances
animation tools Line.
Other causes include the contact of oil with the flanges and rims of wheels, which
reduces adhesion with the surface of the rails, and a general loss of traction on steep
gradients when pulling heavy loads.
Rural transport is one of the basic requirements imposed by the daily life conditions,
so it should be has of certain conditions and basic standards which it purposed of achieving
customer satisfaction and reach the level of a certain quality of se
rvice provided by rural
public transport. For that, Many studies were focusing on a number of most important
criteria such as the waiting periods, comfort, safety, adherence regular capacity of bus,
commitment tariff set for the fare, In addition to the commitment to a specific time.
In this research, interviews with a random sample of residents of Sheikh Badr City
were producted in order to obtain the information needed to evaluation the quality and
appropriateness of public transport services on the line of Tartous-Sheikh Badr. After that
we recorded the data obtained and analyzed the results using the program (excel). One of
the most important results that we have obtained is the length of the waiting period, which
ranged from 50-60 minutes.
Search finished with evaluation the public transport, suggestions and
recommendations to improve the efficiency of transport in rural areas.
The research aims to recognize theimpact oflogistic activities in improving services
Establishments.Particularly of Tartousport In Syria's current circumstances. And that is,
how the workers in Tartous Port envision it.
The researchdepended on the
descriptive, analytic method and it used a
questionnaire for 200Employees who work for the general company of Tatous Port.
The research incloses the impact oflogistics activities (Transport,Warehousing,
Supplying, Use of information Technology) in improving of services establishments in:
(Speed of sesponse, Interest, Tangibility, Reliabitity, Safety).
The most important findings of the research are: -. The transport level of Tartous
Port was weak, but the stowage levels wareacceptable. – The Supply Systems
wasacceptable.
In light of these results the researcher suggests some of recommendations which can
contribute, if applied, in improving the quality of PortService.
