Material science synthesis procedures are a promising domain for scientific NLP, as proper modeling of these recipes could provide insight into new ways of creating materials. However, a fundamental challenge in building information extraction models
for material science synthesis procedures is getting accurate labels for the materials, operations, and other entities of those procedures. We present a new corpus of entity mention annotations over 595 Material Science synthesis procedural texts (157,488 tokens), which greatly expands the training data available for the Named Entity Recognition task. We outline a new label inventory designed to provide consistent annotations and a new annotation approach intended to maximize the consistency and annotation speed of domain experts. Inter-annotator agreement studies and baseline models trained upon the data suggest that the corpus provides high-quality annotations of these mention types. This corpus helps lay a foundation for future high-quality modeling of synthesis procedures.
Tracing the influence of individuals or groups in social networks is an increasingly popular task in sociolinguistic studies. While methods to determine someone's influence in shortterm contexts (e.g., social media, on-line political debates) are wid
espread, influence in longterm contexts is less investigated and may be harder to capture. We study the diffusion of scientific terms in an English diachronic scientific corpus, applying Hawkes Processes to capture the role of individual scientists as influencers'' or influencees'' in the diffusion of new concepts. Our findings on two major scientific discoveries in chemistry and astronomy of the 18th century reveal that modelling both the introduction and diffusion of scientific terms in a historical corpus as Hawkes Processes allows detecting patterns of influence between authors on a long-term scale.
NLP's sphere of influence went much beyond computer science research and the development of software applications in the past decade. We see people using NLP methods in a range of academic disciplines from Asian Studies to Clinical Oncology. We also
notice the presence of NLP as a module in most of the data science curricula within and outside of regular university setups. These courses are taken by students from very diverse backgrounds. This paper takes a closer look at some issues related to teaching NLP to these diverse audiences based on my classroom experiences, and identifies some challenges the instructors face, particularly when there is no ecosystem of related courses for the students. In this process, it also identifies a few challenge areas for both NLP researchers and tool developers.
Most work on scholarly document processing assumes that the information processed is trust-worthy and factually correct. However, this is not always the case. There are two core challenges, which should be addressed: 1) ensuring that scientific publi
cations are credible -- e.g. that claims are not made without supporting evidence, and that all relevant supporting evidence is provided; and 2) that scientific findings are not misrepresented, distorted or outright misreported when communicated by journalists or the general public. I will present some first steps towards addressing these problems and outline remaining challenges.
This paper describes N-XKT (Neural encoding based on eXplanatory Knowledge Transfer), a novel method for the automatic transfer of explanatory knowledge through neural encoding mechanisms. We demonstrate that N-XKT is able to improve accuracy and gen
eralization on science Question Answering (QA). Specifically, by leveraging facts from background explanatory knowledge corpora, the N-XKT model shows a clear improvement on zero-shot QA. Furthermore, we show that N-XKT can be fine-tuned on a target QA dataset, enabling faster convergence and more accurate results. A systematic analysis is conducted to quantitatively analyze the performance of the N-XKT model and the impact of different categories of knowledge on the zero-shot generalization task.
يقدم علم البيانات Science Data ،باعتباره تخصصا مستحدثا اتجاهات تعليمية جديدة وحيوَّية في مدارس علم المكتبات والمعلومات في الوقت الراهن، ومع ذلك لا يزال الغموض يكتنف كيفية ارتباطه بعلم المعلومات في مدارس علم المكتبات والمعلومات، وتسعى هذه الورقة إلى
مناقشة هذه القضية وبلورهتا.
التصميم والمنهجية والتوجيه: تم تحليل البيان الخاص برسالة وطبيعة كل من : علم البيانات وعلم المعلومات من خلال مراجعة العمل القائم في كلا التخصصين، ووضع تسلسل هرمي للبيانات، والمعلومات، والمعرفة، والحكمة (DIKW (Wisdom - Knowledge - Information - Data .لقد تم التفكير في الطرق التي تستحضر من خلالها نظريات علم المعلومات الرؤى، والافكار الجديدة، وإلقاء ضوء ٍ جديد على أساسيات علم البيانات.
تعرض المحاضرة شرح عن علم البيانات وعلاقته بعلم الإحصاء والتعلم الآلي وحالتين دراسيتين عن دور عالم البيانات في تصميم حلول تعتمد على استخراج المعرفة من حجم كبير من البيانات المتوفرة, كما يتم عرض أهم المهام في المؤتمرات العلمية التي يمكن المشاركة بها لطلاب المعلوماتية المهتمين بهذا المجال
The importance of this research is that it is one of the rare researches that touch on
the philosophy of science at the French philosopher Gaston Bachler, And the role played
by this philosopher in the development of the science of epistemology thr
ough the
epistemological concepts that he introduced to this science, Such as the concept of
epistemological obstacle and the concept of epistemological estrangement in addition to
the concept of temporal regression and the relationship of these concepts with each other,
which contributed to the enrichment of the epistemology and its evolution.
The present research aimed to identify the extent of the practice of science teachers
for creative thinking skills in teaching students basic sixth grade in the city of Lattakia,
according to the variables: educational qualification. The applicatio
n note card prepared by
the researcher; to identify creative thinking skills included (30) items, and is divided into
four axes: fluency, flexibility, originality, and expansion. The research sample has been
selected randomly, and applied the note card on (30) teachers for the academic year 2016/
2017, and descriptive method was used.
The results showed that science teachers do not practice creative thinking skills while
teaching sixth grade students, and the degree of practice of creative thinking skills was
low. Also, the results indicated that there is no statistically significant difference between
the average grade of the practice of science teachers for creative thinking skills in the skills
of fluency, flexibility, originality, and expansion. And there was no statistically significant
difference between the average grade of the practice of science teachers for creative
thinking skills according to the variables educational qualification.
The research presented several proposals, the most important of which is the work on
the development of basic education curricula that are directly related to the skills of
creative thinking, as well as conducting studies on the importance of developing creative
thinking skills in scientific subjects.
The research aims to know the effect of using the Analogical
strategy in the development of the scientific concepts of basic
fourth-grade students in science, the study was adopted on Quasiexperimental
approach, and the research tool formed of Qua
siexperimental
program designed according to the Analogical strategy, and scientific concepts test, the research sample consisted
of (50) male and female students, divided into experimental group
consisted of (25) male and female students of Abdul Karim Al
Ragab School studied by Analogical strategy, the control group
consisted of (25) male and female students of Adnan al-Maliki
School studied in the traditional manner.
