In this work, we analyze the performance and properties of cross-lingual word embedding models created by mapping-based alignment methods. We use several measures of corpus and embedding similarity to predict BLI scores of cross-lingual embedding map
pings over three types of corpora, three embedding methods and 55 language pairs. Our experimental results corroborate that instead of mere size, the amount of common content in the training corpora is essential. This phenomenon manifests in that i) despite of the smaller corpus sizes, using only the comparable parts of Wikipedia for training the monolingual embedding spaces to be mapped is often more efficient than relying on all the contents of Wikipedia, ii) the smaller, in return less diversified Spanish Wikipedia works almost always much better as a training corpus for bilingual mappings than the ubiquitously used English Wikipedia.
While neural networks produce state-of-the- art performance in several NLP tasks, they generally depend heavily on lexicalized information, which transfer poorly between domains. Previous works have proposed delexicalization as a form of knowledge di
stillation to reduce the dependency on such lexical artifacts. However, a critical unsolved issue that remains is how much delexicalization to apply: a little helps reduce overfitting, but too much discards useful information. We propose Group Learning, a knowledge and model distillation approach for fact verification in which multiple student models have access to different delexicalized views of the data, but are encouraged to learn from each other through pair-wise consistency losses. In several cross-domain experiments between the FEVER and FNC fact verification datasets, we show that our approach learns the best delexicalization strategy for the given training dataset, and outperforms state-of-the-art classifiers that rely on the original data.
Natural language processing (NLP) applications are now more powerful and ubiquitous than ever before. With rapidly developing (neural) models and ever-more available data, current NLP models have access to more information than any human speaker duri
ng their life. Still, it would be hard to argue that NLP models have reached human-level capacity. In this position paper, we argue that the reason for the current limitations is a focus on information content while ignoring language's social factors. We show that current NLP systems systematically break down when faced with interpreting the social factors of language. This limits applications to a subset of information-related tasks and prevents NLP from reaching human-level performance. At the same time, systems that incorporate even a minimum of social factors already show remarkable improvements. We formalize a taxonomy of seven social factors based on linguistic theory and exemplify current failures and emerging successes for each of them. We suggest that the NLP community address social factors to get closer to the goal of human-like language understanding.
Accurate translation requires document-level information, which is ignored by sentence-level machine translation. Recent work has demonstrated that document-level consistency can be improved with automatic post-editing (APE) using only target-languag
e (TL) information. We study an extended APE model that additionally integrates source context. A human evaluation of fluency and adequacy in English--Russian translation reveals that the model with access to source context significantly outperforms monolingual APE in terms of adequacy, an effect largely ignored by automatic evaluation metrics. Our results show that TL-only modelling increases fluency without improving adequacy, demonstrating the need for conditioning on source text for automatic post-editing. They also highlight blind spots in automatic methods for targeted evaluation and demonstrate the need for human assessment to evaluate document-level translation quality reliably.
This study aims at demonstrating how effective the training programs are from the viewpoint of the Company's trainees, to know nature of the relationship between the training program dimen-sions and the effectiveness of the training programs, besides
showing how IPA technology is used as a new management tool for dealing with the factors influencing the training programs effectiveness and to define the strategies to treat the training programs dimensions.
The study aims to identify the effectiveness of individual performance evaluation system in the Syrian Telecom sector, using IPA Importance-Performance Analysis to determine the dimensions of individual performance evaluation system performance and evaluation influencing the company's performance level.
The study aims to determine the relationship between the job stress and the task
performance of employees in the university hospitals, and determine the appropriate
strategies to reduce the job stress. The study was applied on a sample of 181 worke
rs in
Higher Education hospitals (Al-Assad University Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hospital) in Damascus city.
Data were collected through using a questionnaire to measure the stress job and the
task performance for the employees in the sample of the study. Analysis (Importance-
Performance) was used to answer the questions of the study.
The study gives us the following results:
1. The factors (such as gender, type of work, the nature of work, age, number of
years of experience and educational qualification) have a big effect at the stress job for the
workers in the university hospitals.
2. Marital status (single or married) of the Researched workers does not have any
effect at the stress job for the workers in the university hospitals.
3. There is a positive correlation between the level of the task performance of the
worker and the level of the stress job that caused by the following factors (Command and
Control, Influence on Decisions and Clarity of the Role).
4. There is a negative correlation between the level of the task performance of the
worker and the level of the stress job that caused by the following factors (role conflict,
requirements and workload).
5. Enable of the subordinates to participate on the meetings that related to
developing the job, as well as involving them in decisions that effect on their work and
tasks.
The research had been implemented in Daher Al Kheribat stand in Jableh area in
Syria in 2014- 2015 with the aim to inventory and characterize the herbal vegetation cover.
Four sites were chosen in the stand. We adopted Parker method to estimate the
plant
coverage and relative coverage, and the method of squares was adopted to estimate the
intensity and frequency. Plant samples were collected from the stand and dried and then
classified based on Flora available. 42 species were registered belonging to 35 genuses
distributed in 16 families. The number of plant species palatable was higher than the
number of plant species unpalatable. Bromus squarrosus L. recorded the highest relative
importance (28.3%), followed by Alopecurus urticulatus Banks & Sol (15.1%) then
Euphorbia helioscopia L. (9.0%), The Bromus squarrosus L plant and the Alopecurus
urticulatus Banks & Sol are good pastoral while the Euphorbia helioscopia L. plant is
worthless pastoral.
The importance of this scientific research stems from the increasing demand for
building materials, especially the materials involved in concrete industry. The attention
was directed towards finding alternative locations for primary oresin addition
to the
process of reconstructing old mines as the continues inequitable taking of these materials
will eventually result in wasting those resources losing them before using them in an
economical suitable way. We have defined the hope positions in the areas of Banias and
Tartous. We can say that deterioration of volcanic products in those areaswas a direct
result of suitable climatic circumstances which were predominant (weathering process,
deterioration, physical erosion, and chemical like wetness, wind, rain, temperature, and
surface water streaming). The tectonic which attacked those formations later served to
boost the weathering and erosion degree so that it became more effective for the
production of some oxides such as (calcium oxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide,
deterioration of rock components, and concentration of clay) asplain strataof clay
deterioration according to geochemical analyses conducted in this research.
This research deals with comparable study of the specific composition of assemblages
gastropoda and migratory species in four regions of Syrian coast, which differed by substrate
nature and their exposure to pollution resources and rivers estuaries
, They are as fallow:The
Southern Region of Lattakia, AL Bhyss and AL Moelh South of Jableh, Estuary Assin. This
research was done between April 2010 and April 2011. The samples were collected from the
supralittoral ,littoral and sublittoral regions at depth 3m.
