This study was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of aqueous, ethanolic and
methanolic extracts of the cladodes, flowers and fruits cactus plant (Opuntia ficus-indica)
with concentrations of (125, 250, 500, 1000) mg/ml against the isolat
ion of Aspergillus
niger fungus and compared it with aqueous solution of antibiotic (fluconazole) at
concentration 10 μg/ml. The study showed a difference in efficacy of studied extracts in
inhibiting the growth of studied fungus, The methanolic extract of flowers showed higher
inhibiting ratios (76.86, 81.32) % at concentrations (500, 1000) mg/ml respectively,
followed by the methanolic extract of cladode by inhibiting ratios reached (73.49, 76.14) %
at the previous concentrations, then followed by the ethanolic extract of flowers by
inhibiting ratio (40.96, 57.83) % at the same of previous concentrations, while inhibiting
ratio of fluconazole reached 65.66% at the used concentration, whereas the aqueous
extracts of flowers, fruits and cladode had the lowest effect by inhibiting ratios reached
(36.74, 23.49, 12.53) % respectively at concentration 1000 mg/ml.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of the aqueou extract of the
vegetative parts of the Euphorbia paralias at different concentrations (2%,4%,8%) in seed
germination and seeding growth of the Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa
and
Portulaca oleracea. The results indicated increase in germination ratio of Portulaca
oleracea. up to 7%. while the effect of the extract was not evident in the germination of the
seeds of Lepidium sativum, and decreased the germination ratio of Lactuca sativa
seeds by 35.9% at the concentration of 8%.In contrast, the extracts stimulated the length of
the stalks of Portulaca oleracea , Lepidium sativum and Lactuca sativa plants at all
used concentrations used. The highest rate of stimulated stalks legnth of Lepidium
sativum at 2% was 58.2%. inhibitory effect of water extract observed for root length of
Portulaca oleracea and Lactuca sativa plants at 2% , and stimulation effect pour
Lepidium sativum, The effect became evident at the concentrations of 4% and 8% for the
three plants.
The most sensitive and affected plants was Portulaca oleracea, where the length of the
root decreased by 53.38% at the concentration of 4% and by 72% at the concentration of
8% ,while the length of the root Lepidium sativum and Lactuca sativa decreased by
25.82% and 34.95% was decreased for 4% and 8%respectively.
The results suggested that this weed may affect seedling growth, due to inhibitory or
stimulatory effect of Allelochemicals , which present in water extract of this weed . and
may used as potential Bioherbicide after further experiments.
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous extracts
of three plants (Melia azedarach L., Smilax asepra L. and Styrax officinalis L.),
three pesticides (acetamiprid, abamectin and pyridaben) and releasing of two
preda
tors (Phytoseiuls persimilis Athias–Henriot and Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant)
in controlling of Tetranychus urticae Koch populations in tomato greenhouse.
The research was conducted in Al- Mokhtaria Research
Station, Agricultural Research Center, Homs, Syria during season
2016. The efficacy of some plant extracts (Melia azedarach L.,
Schinus molle L., Styrax officinalis L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis
De., Nerium oleander L.) were tested against Stephanitis pyri F.
(Tingidae: Heteroptera) and compared with traditional insecticides
(Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos Ethel).
This research has been applied to compare the efficacy of the use
of pre-planting with a sensitive variety of tomato OXN93 as a trap
crop with the use of the extracts of M. azedarach , E.
camaldulensis and C. maculatum where Diazinon a treated con
trol,
in reducing the infection and the reproduction rate of the root-knot
nematodes M. javanica on tomato (var. Bestona) in pots.
The research aims to study the effect of the treatment of the
eggplant seeds- pink local kind in some seaweed extracts to improve
the germination characteristics, as well as the study of their impact
on the growth of the resulting seedlings and their ability to
withstand the transplanting shock.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of lichen Evernia
prunastri extracts (acetone, ethanol, and chloroform) against the two
species of plant pathogenic fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, F.solani.
All extracts showed has inhibition influence evident in the growth of
fungal and germination of spores of two compared to the control.
A Study was carried out to evaluate the ability of the methanolic, hydro and oily
extractions of anise seeds (Pimpinella anisum L.) to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic
fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. The results showed a good in
hibition
ability of the alcoholic and hydro extractions on the growth of the studied fungi. The
inhibition ability differed due to the used concentrations. When the methanolic extraction
was used by concentrations (2, 4, and 6) mlg/ ml at the seventh day, the inhibition ability
was (42.5, 50.6 and 64.4)% of the fungus F. oxysporum, respectively. And was (23.6, 42.7
and 55.1)% of the fungus A. niger, respectively. Whereas when the hydro extraction was
used by the same concentrations, the inhibition ability was (59.2, 65.3 and 70)%
respectively for the fungus F. oxysporum, and (46.1, 58 and 61)% for the fungus A. niger,
respectively. The oily extraction showed high inhibition ability, where the inhibition rate
was 100% when the extraction was used by the two concentrations 50 and 75 μl for both
two studied fungi.
The research was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of acetone, ethanol,
and chloroform of Evernia prunastri lichen with concentrations of (25, 50, 75, 100) mg/ml.
against three pathogenic species of Aspergillus sp. Which are: A. flavu
s, A. fumigatus and
A. niger . The efficacy varied among the four extracts, where both the acetonic and
methanolic showed noticeable inhibitory efficacy against the fungal species under study.
The efficacy increased of both extracts, at concentration (100) mg/ml growth of A. flavus,
A. fumigatus and A. niger was completely inhibited, whereas the inhibiton percentage for
ethanol extract reached (87.05, 78.82, 94.11)%, respectively at the same concentration. As
for the chloroform extract, it was the least effective, where the percentage at (100) mg/ml
concentration reached (68.23, 74.11, 62.35) %, respectively, compared to the control.
Depending on these results, the extracts lichen of Evernia prunastri could be used
as natural products to treat fungal infections in the future.
The bio-effect of anise oil and its fruit extracts(alcoholic and
aqueous extract) to control the cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus
maculatus that infest stored leguminous crops was investigated. The
study was conducted according to three treatments: e
vaporation,
direct spray of insects and food spray. The anise oil was used at
different concentrations from 0.05 to 5%. Whereas, the aqueous and
.alcoholic fruit extracts were used as 30%.
