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Register a new userEvaluating the inhibitory efficacy of the Lichen Evernia prunastri extracts against human pathogenic species of Aspergillus sp
تقييم الفعالية التثبيطية لمستخلصات أشنة Evernia prunastri تجاه أنواع ممرضة للإنسان من جنس Aspergillus sp.
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نفــذ البحـــث لتقييـــــم الفعاليـة التثبيطيـة لمستخـص الأسيتـون، الإيتانـــــــول، الميتانــــــــــــول و الكلوروفـــــــــــورم لأشنـة Evernia prunastri و بتراكيز (25،50،75،100) ملغ/مل تجاه ثلاثة أنواع ممرضة من جنس Aspergillus هي: A. niger , , A. fumigatus A. flavus . تباينت فاعلية المستخلصات الأربعة، حيث أبدى كلا المستخلصين الأسيتوني و الميتانولي فعاليـــــــــة تثبيطيـــــــــــة ملحوظــــــــة تجاه الانواع الفطريــــــــــــة المدروســـــــــــة، إذ تزايـــــــدت الفاعليـــــــــة بازديـــــــــاد تراكيزهمـــــا، فعنــــــــــد التركــــــــــــيز (100)ملغ/مل ثبــــــــــــط النـــمـــــــــــو كلّياً لكـــــــــــــــلّ مــــــــــــــن A. niger , , A. fumigatus A. flavus ، بينما وصلت نسبـة التثبيــط لمستخلـص الإيتانول إلى (94.11، 78.82، 87.05)% على التوالي عند التركيز ذاته، أما بالنسبة لمستخلص الكلوروفورم فكان الأقل تأثيراً، حتّى عند التركيز (100) ملغ/مل، حيث بلغت نسبة التثبيــــــــــط 62.35) ،74.11، 68.23) % على التوالي مقارنة بالشاهد A. fumigatus. اعتماداً على هذه النتائج يمكن الاستفادة من مستخلصات أشنة Evernia prunastri كمصادر حيوية طبيعية لمعالجة الإنتانات الفطرية مستقبلاً.
The research was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of acetone, ethanol, and chloroform of Evernia prunastri lichen with concentrations of (25, 50, 75, 100) mg/ml. against three pathogenic species of Aspergillus sp. Which are: A. flavus, A. fumigatus and A. niger . The efficacy varied among the four extracts, where both the acetonic and methanolic showed noticeable inhibitory efficacy against the fungal species under study. The efficacy increased of both extracts, at concentration (100) mg/ml growth of A. flavus, A. fumigatus and A. niger was completely inhibited, whereas the inhibiton percentage for ethanol extract reached (87.05, 78.82, 94.11)%, respectively at the same concentration. As for the chloroform extract, it was the least effective, where the percentage at (100) mg/ml concentration reached (68.23, 74.11, 62.35) %, respectively, compared to the control. Depending on these results, the extracts lichen of Evernia prunastri could be used as natural products to treat fungal infections in the future.
References used
AMITANI, R.; MURAYAMA, T.; NAWADA, R.; LEE, W.J.; NIIMI, A.; SUZUKI, K.; TANAKA, E. AND KUZE, F: Aspergillus culture filtrates and sputum sols from patients with pulmonary aspergillosis cause damage to human respiratory ciliated epithelium in vitro. European Respiratory Journal, Japan, Vol. 1, N .8, 1995, 1681-1687
BABIAH, P.S; UPRETI, D.K; JOHN, SA . Assessment of fungicidal potential of lichen Heterodermia leucomelos (L.) Poelt against pathogenic fungi. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology, Vol. 5, N. 2, 2015, 92–100
(BABIAH, P. S.; UPRETI, D.K. AND JOHN S.A. An in vitro analysis of antifungal potential of lichen species Parmotrema reticulatum against phytopathogenic fungi. International journal of current microbiology and applied sciences, India, Vol .3, N ,12, 2014, 511-518. (a
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of lichen Evernia
prunastri extracts (acetone, ethanol, and chloroform) against the two
species of plant pathogenic fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, F.solani.
All extracts showed has inhibition influence evident in the growth of
fungal and germination of spores of two compared to the control.
This study was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of aqueous, ethanolic and
methanolic extracts of the cladodes, flowers and fruits cactus plant (Opuntia ficus-indica)
with concentrations of (125, 250, 500, 1000) mg/ml against the isolat
ion of Aspergillus
niger fungus and compared it with aqueous solution of antibiotic (fluconazole) at
concentration 10 μg/ml. The study showed a difference in efficacy of studied extracts in
inhibiting the growth of studied fungus, The methanolic extract of flowers showed higher
inhibiting ratios (76.86, 81.32) % at concentrations (500, 1000) mg/ml respectively,
followed by the methanolic extract of cladode by inhibiting ratios reached (73.49, 76.14) %
at the previous concentrations, then followed by the ethanolic extract of flowers by
inhibiting ratio (40.96, 57.83) % at the same of previous concentrations, while inhibiting
ratio of fluconazole reached 65.66% at the used concentration, whereas the aqueous
extracts of flowers, fruits and cladode had the lowest effect by inhibiting ratios reached
(36.74, 23.49, 12.53) % respectively at concentration 1000 mg/ml.
In this research was studied the effect of different concentrations of (ethanolic –
methanolic – acetonic) extracts of Apium nodiflorum on growth of fusarium moniliforme
all extracts revealed clear inhibitory effect against this Fungi.
The inhibit
ory effect differenced as difference of parts of plant and the difference of
using concentrations from extract and a kind of solvent.
The MIC of different extracts ranged between 0.02 and 0.1 g/ml , The Acetonic
extract of stem was the more activity comparing with the other parts of plant inhibition was
completed at (0.02 g/ml) concentration.
For methanolic extract, the extract of whole plant and flowers was more activity and
the MIC was 0.08 g/ml for etanolic extract of flowers recorded the highest percentage of
inhibition incomparing with. The other parts of plant and it reached 0.06 g/ml.
The antibacterial activity of Inula viscosa L. leaves extracts against some pathogenic bacteria, which were isolated from Al-Assad hospital laboratory in Lattakia, was tested by disc diffusion method.
Results showed that water extracts had antibacte
rial activity against all Gram positive and negative bacteria. The diameters of inhibition zones were between 9 mm against Pseudomonas aeroginosa and 41 mm against Proteus vulgaris.
All Gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity to all organic extracts, so they had antibacterial activity, while Gram negative bacteria showed resistance to chloroform extract except for the one of Klebsiella pneumoniae with an inhibition zone of 12 mm, and resistance for dichlormethan extract except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an inhibition zone of 15 mm. there was resistance for diethyl extract except for Serratia marcescens with an inhibition zone of 32 mm.
Ethyl acetate extract had antibacterial activity against all bacteria. Ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts showed antibacterial activity against all bacteria except for Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 10 mm.
This study indicated that water and organic Inula viscosa L. leaves extracts had antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria which also was tested, especially water extract, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts. So the Inula viscosa L. leaves extracts may be sources for natural antibiotic in future.
Four isolates of Streptomyces sp., St.1 and St.2 were isolated
from garden soil of science faculty, St.3 and St.4 were isolated
from Al-Shameia soil Lattakia, by serial dilution on Starch Casein
Agar medium.
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