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Register a new userEvaluating the inhibitory efficacy of the Lichen Evernia prunastri extracts against species of Fusarium oxysporum, F.solani.
تقييم الفعالية التثبيطية لمستخلصات أشنة Evernia prunastri تجاه النوعين Fusarium oxysporum, F.solani
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أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير مستخلصات أشنة Evernia prunastri ( الأسيتونية، الإيتانولية و الكلوروفورمية ) على نوعين من الفطريات الممرضة للنبات هما: Fusarium oxysporum, F.solani. أبدت جميع المستخلصات تأثيرًا تثبيطياً واضحاً في نمو الخيوط الفطرية و إنتاش الأبواغ للنوعين مقارنةً مع الشاهد.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of lichen Evernia prunastri extracts (acetone, ethanol, and chloroform) against the two species of plant pathogenic fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, F.solani. All extracts showed has inhibition influence evident in the growth of fungal and germination of spores of two compared to the control.
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Research summary
أجريت هذه الدراسة لتقييم الفعالية التثبيطية لمستخلصات أشنة Evernia prunastri (الأسيتونية، الإيتانولية، والكلوروفورمية) ضد نوعين من الفطريات الممرضة للنبات: Fusarium oxysporum وF.solani. أظهرت جميع المستخلصات تأثيراً تثبيطياً واضحاً في نمو الخيوط الفطرية وإنتاش الأبواغ مقارنةً بالشاهد. سجل مستخلص الأسيتون أعلى قدرة تثبيطية، حيث أدى تركيز 100 ملغ/مل إلى تثبيط نمو الخيوط الفطرية وإنتاش الأبواغ بنسبة 100% للنوع F.oxysporum، وبنسبة 96% و92.28% على التوالي للنوع F.solani. احتل مستخلص الإيتانول المرتبة الثانية من حيث الفعالية، بينما كان مستخلص الكلوروفورم الأقل فعالية. تؤكد نتائج الدراسة أن مستخلصات أشنة Evernia prunastri، وخاصة المستخلص الأسيتوني، تلعب دوراً هاماً في تثبيط الفطريات الممرضة للنبات، مما يجعلها خياراً محتملاً كمبيدات حيوية منخفضة التكلفة وخالية من التأثيرات الجانبية.
Critical review
تقدم هذه الدراسة نتائج واعدة حول استخدام مستخلصات أشنة Evernia prunastri كمبيدات حيوية ضد الفطريات الممرضة للنبات. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، يجب توسيع نطاق الدراسة لتشمل أنواعاً أخرى من الفطريات الممرضة لتأكيد فعالية المستخلصات على نطاق أوسع. ثانياً، ينبغي إجراء تجارب ميدانية لتقييم فعالية المستخلصات في الظروف الطبيعية، وليس فقط في المختبر. ثالثاً، يجب دراسة الآثار الجانبية المحتملة لهذه المستخلصات على البيئة والكائنات الحية الأخرى. وأخيراً، يمكن تحسين الدراسة بتحديد المركبات الكيميائية الفعالة في المستخلصات وفصلها لتحديد المادة الفعالة بدقة.
Questions related to the research
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ما هي الفطريات الممرضة التي تم اختبارها في الدراسة؟
تم اختبار نوعين من الفطريات الممرضة للنبات: Fusarium oxysporum وF.solani.
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ما هو المستخلص الأكثر فعالية في تثبيط نمو الفطريات؟
المستخلص الأسيتوني كان الأكثر فعالية في تثبيط نمو الفطريات.
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ما هي الفوائد المحتملة لاستخدام مستخلصات أشنة Evernia prunastri؟
يمكن استخدام مستخلصات أشنة Evernia prunastri كمبيدات حيوية منخفضة التكلفة وخالية من التأثيرات الجانبية لتثبيط الفطريات الممرضة للنبات.
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ما هي التوصيات المستقبلية للدراسة؟
توصي الدراسة بإجراء تجارب ميدانية، ودراسة تأثير المستخلصات على أنواع أخرى من الفطريات الممرضة، وتحديد المركبات الكيميائية الفعالة في المستخلصات.
References used
Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Diseases Caused By Fungi. In Plant Pathology, 5th ed.; Agrios, G.N., Ed.; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA,; Chapter Eleven; pp. 385–614
Al-Rahmah A. N, Mostafa A. A, Abdel-Megeed A, Yakout S. M, and Hussein S. A. 2013. Fungicidal activities of certain methanolic plant extracts against tomato phytopathogenic fungi. African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 7(6), pp. 517-524
Ambika, S. and Sujatha, K. 2014. Comparative studies on brown, red and green alga seaweed extracts for their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. udum in Pigeon pea var. CO (Rg)7 (Cajanus cajan (L.) Mills.). Journal of Biopesticides, Vol. 7, No. (2):167-176
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The research was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of acetone, ethanol,
and chloroform of Evernia prunastri lichen with concentrations of (25, 50, 75, 100) mg/ml.
against three pathogenic species of Aspergillus sp. Which are: A. flavu
s, A. fumigatus and
A. niger . The efficacy varied among the four extracts, where both the acetonic and
methanolic showed noticeable inhibitory efficacy against the fungal species under study.
The efficacy increased of both extracts, at concentration (100) mg/ml growth of A. flavus,
A. fumigatus and A. niger was completely inhibited, whereas the inhibiton percentage for
ethanol extract reached (87.05, 78.82, 94.11)%, respectively at the same concentration. As
for the chloroform extract, it was the least effective, where the percentage at (100) mg/ml
concentration reached (68.23, 74.11, 62.35) %, respectively, compared to the control.
Depending on these results, the extracts lichen of Evernia prunastri could be used
as natural products to treat fungal infections in the future.
In this research was studied the effect of different concentrations of (ethanolic –
methanolic – acetonic) extracts of Apium nodiflorum on growth of fusarium moniliforme
all extracts revealed clear inhibitory effect against this Fungi.
The inhibit
ory effect differenced as difference of parts of plant and the difference of
using concentrations from extract and a kind of solvent.
The MIC of different extracts ranged between 0.02 and 0.1 g/ml , The Acetonic
extract of stem was the more activity comparing with the other parts of plant inhibition was
completed at (0.02 g/ml) concentration.
For methanolic extract, the extract of whole plant and flowers was more activity and
the MIC was 0.08 g/ml for etanolic extract of flowers recorded the highest percentage of
inhibition incomparing with. The other parts of plant and it reached 0.06 g/ml.
This study was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of aqueous, ethanolic and
methanolic extracts of the cladodes, flowers and fruits cactus plant (Opuntia ficus-indica)
with concentrations of (125, 250, 500, 1000) mg/ml against the isolat
ion of Aspergillus
niger fungus and compared it with aqueous solution of antibiotic (fluconazole) at
concentration 10 μg/ml. The study showed a difference in efficacy of studied extracts in
inhibiting the growth of studied fungus, The methanolic extract of flowers showed higher
inhibiting ratios (76.86, 81.32) % at concentrations (500, 1000) mg/ml respectively,
followed by the methanolic extract of cladode by inhibiting ratios reached (73.49, 76.14) %
at the previous concentrations, then followed by the ethanolic extract of flowers by
inhibiting ratio (40.96, 57.83) % at the same of previous concentrations, while inhibiting
ratio of fluconazole reached 65.66% at the used concentration, whereas the aqueous
extracts of flowers, fruits and cladode had the lowest effect by inhibiting ratios reached
(36.74, 23.49, 12.53) % respectively at concentration 1000 mg/ml.
sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc ),
representing six provinces (Al Hasakah, Aleppo, Idlib, Hamah,
Homs and Dara) of Syria were analyzed for pathogenic
variability on a set of 10 differential cultivars of chickpea.
The antibacterial activity of Inula viscosa L. leaves extracts against some pathogenic bacteria, which were isolated from Al-Assad hospital laboratory in Lattakia, was tested by disc diffusion method.
Results showed that water extracts had antibacte
rial activity against all Gram positive and negative bacteria. The diameters of inhibition zones were between 9 mm against Pseudomonas aeroginosa and 41 mm against Proteus vulgaris.
All Gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity to all organic extracts, so they had antibacterial activity, while Gram negative bacteria showed resistance to chloroform extract except for the one of Klebsiella pneumoniae with an inhibition zone of 12 mm, and resistance for dichlormethan extract except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an inhibition zone of 15 mm. there was resistance for diethyl extract except for Serratia marcescens with an inhibition zone of 32 mm.
Ethyl acetate extract had antibacterial activity against all bacteria. Ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts showed antibacterial activity against all bacteria except for Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 10 mm.
This study indicated that water and organic Inula viscosa L. leaves extracts had antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria which also was tested, especially water extract, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts. So the Inula viscosa L. leaves extracts may be sources for natural antibiotic in future.
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