In this work, we address the open-world classification problem with a method called ODIST, open world classification via distributionally shifted instances. This novel and straightforward method can create out-of-domain instances from the in-domain t
raining instances with the help of a pre-trained generative language model. Experimental results show that ODIST performs better than state-of-the-art decision boundary finding method.
It has long been recognized that suffixing is more common than prefixing in the languages of the world. More detailed statistics on this tendency are needed to sharpen proposed explanations for this tendency. The classic approach to gathering data on
the prefix/suffix preference is for a human to read grammatical descriptions (948 languages), which is time-consuming and involves discretization judgments. In this paper we explore two machine-driven approaches for prefix and suffix statistics which are crude approximations, but have advantages in terms of time and replicability. The first simply searches a large collection of grammatical descriptions for occurrences of the terms prefix' and suffix' (4 287 languages). The second counts substrings from raw text data in a way indirectly reflecting prefixation and suffixation (1 030 languages, using New Testament translations). The three approaches largely agree in their measurements but there are important theoretical and practical differences. In all measurements, there is an overall preference for suffixation, albeit only slightly, at ratios ranging between 0.51 and 0.68.
This research tackled the attitude of interpretation towards the issue of metaphor,
especially the French philosopher's view Paul Ricuor. It also dealt with the nature of
metaphor as suggested by him via critiquing the attitude in which he finds a
mere aesthetic
and substitutive ornament from the one hand, while taking it as innovative means to touch
reality on the other hand. Consequently, it is a cognitive value with the aim of contacting
the outside world and getting to know it then the research proceeded to discuss the
intellectual basics of metaphor according to Ricuor. He noticed that there is no way to
understand the nature of metaphor without understanding its basics. This has made it
possible to handle the knowledgeable and innovative function of metaphor be it the present
side always in language; that which never fades. So, it was not possible to handle metaphor
inside language without wondering how thinking works. Here Ricuor differentiates
between living and consumed metaphor on the basis of the ability of innovation and
knowledge provided by each one of them. Additionally, he has stated that metaphor is
there inside interpretation as it is through it. Such a presence of metaphor inside the field of
interpretation is the reason why one can tackle this polysemy. This polysemy results in this
on the one hand and in its openness on the world of human act; work and practice on the
other hand. This way, metaphor in interpretation is presented as a future language. The
research has ended up with a bunch of results through questioning the concept of metaphor
in a philosophic interpretative way.
This research focus on the failure project to reconcile philosophy and religion in the
Arab-Muslim medieval society through a review of what the philosophers of this society in
the cause of human fate after the paradox of self to her body worldly.
This case is as the
issue of God's relationship with the world and the theory of prophecy and the theory
emanation. All these issues were sharp philosophical contentious issues between the
owners of the project in the face of official religious text. In addition: This research is an
attempt to exclude philosophy for ideological affiliations to become this research biased to
the term philosophy in the Arab-Muslim cultural society instead of Arabic or Islamic
philosophy.
This approach discusses one of the most important ideas which has been brought to
us from the ancientIraqian civilization which has been called the (special God).
Who is the special God?
How (special God) was born?
What is his work?
And can he c
hange the destiny of people who belong to him?
The thinking about being has been interested by man along ages, and that will stay as
man stay and as his mind thinks about the existence.
Man has tried along Ages to find rest and peace, but the ancient Iraqian civilization
hascreated a(special God) who works to give the Iraqian people peace and rest by finding a
kind of harmony between the human world and God world. And according to that, man
must obey the (special God) and offer him sacrifices.
This topic will form the main ideas which will be discussed to takea further step in
knowing the ancient Iraqian civilization.
Aims find dismantling infrastructure formative to see Marcuse cash – analytical, of how the like can be art: imagination- or what he called the new sensitivity – to play in a matter of revolutionizing awareness and the formation of perception. Workin
g tools new knowledge motivation main breeding aesthetic actor, and a new language- to create a new world on the level of thought and reality. In a world possible for a rational civilization technologically advanced, and required by the overall process of the process of production of the necessities, and the policies of capital, and market volatility, and means of Mass communication, and methods of advertising…..etc. that reinforce the foundations of the entire system of control and coordination and domination strips in advance of cash protest, opposition and all of its weapons, and fake awareness, and reduce the internal dimension of culture and thought, and creates countless needs of Pseudomonas. However converts individual selves as a whole, as things to tools running in a huge total productive, derives its raison derter, and the continuation of his, and his strength, and the inclusion of dominance, the productivity of a huge, and productivity than do those of the achievements in the various level of life.
