The crisis in Syria heavily impacted public infrastructure as well as the provision of
basic services. This strongly affected the population in all Syrian governorates since the
beginning of the crisis seven years ago. The water sector is considere
d one of the most
affected. Hostilities led to damages in the networks and ensuing water cuts. In addition,
main pumping stations, boreholes and sanitation networks ceased to function. This
research aims at identifying the locations and extent of damages in the water networks in
Homs governorate based on the percentage of water and sanitation networks as well as
solid waste management services compared to the pre-conflict situation. The research
depends on utilizing the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on descriptive data.
The information used comprises primary data collected in the field using structured
questionnaires filled by the local population as well as secondary data produced by
humanitarian organizations, SARC and governmental institutions. The results show
decreased the coverage of water and sanitation networks in Homs Governorate notably
outside the county centers while it is almost non-existent in the urban areas. The latter
include the southern and eastern counties Al Qariateen, Sadd, Mheen, Al furqulus, Al
Ruqama and Hisia. Furthermore, more than half of the population living in the eastern
urban areas rely on water trucking. The discontinuity of municipal services and
malfunction of solid waste removal trucks resulted in the accumulation of waste in many
areas. Therefore, the state of solid waste management is evaluated to be mostly “bad”,
while the reminder only reaches “medium” category, which means, the municipalities do
not collect the waste, or collect and dump inside the city .This situation strongly increases
the risk of an outbreak of infectious diseases.
This study investigated the effect of adding different
percentages of sand to several types of clay soils, Which used as
liners at solid waste landfill sites in order to find the best mixing
ratio (sand - clay).
In this study, the effect of temperature on volume strains in three
types of local clay soils was studied after adding different percentages of
sand for each soil (10%-20%-30%40%-50%) when temperatures change
from (20-60)° C to be used as liners i
n solid waste landfill sites . The
results of the study showed that the mixing of sand with the clay played a
key role in reducing the magnitude of volume strains between (24-27%)
of the value of strains.
The process of collecting and transporting solid waste is the first and fundamental issue in the management of solid waste as it is the most economically expensive operation, in which its expenses in the process of system of municipal solid waste man
agement (MSWM) reaches about 60-70% of the total expenditure. This process starts from placing waste in containers till unloading these containers in transportation vehicles and then carry them to transfer stations or final disposal sites.
The fees of collection and transportation can be reduced through the selection of the optimal path, and thus obtaining many economical benefits.
In this research, the applications of geographical information systems (GIS) have been used in order to choose the optimal route for waste collection, transportation and transference in the city of Lattakia, Where a database has been designed which included mainly the streets, bridges and tunnels, it also included residential areas serviced by waste containers, and the process of linking them to each other took place by using the techniques of GIS in order to choose the best economical and timetable ways for the traffic of vehicles to collect and transport the waste, which contributes practically and effectively in improving the activities of municipal solid waste management in this city.
The problem of waste is getting worse day by day, which may represent a heavy burden on municipalities, that they are unable to process it in most situations. Man is primarily responsible for the waste form, and any scheme for management municipal so
lid waste most take into account the role environmental awareness among the citizens of north sides: the first is to reduce the amount of waste produced through improving people's behavior's and their dietony habits.
The second by working to strengthen its role in contributing to with the municipality in sorting and recycling and willingness to buy recycled good, which contributes to ease costs, and thus improve the management.
The aim of this research to identify the degree of presence environmental awareness about the management of solid waste in the province of Lattakia from the point of view of the mushers of research sample. And to identify the differences in their views depending on the variables studied (sex gender, educational level, place of residence). Research Applied on a sample of the population of the province of Lattakia that number had reached 280 people. The researcher used the questionnaire, which was relied upon in reaching the results of the study, was to ensure the stability of the resolution in two ways: first way retail midterm has reached stability coefficient (0.829), and the second method equation Cronbach alpha was the reliability coefficient was (0.793), a transaction firming acceptable statistically. The study reached the following conclusions: the presence of environmental awareness about the seriousness of solid waste on our lives and consider it the source of contamination and disease. And the existence of a social willingness to contribute to the management of solid waste as sort of domestic or work in environmental associations. The environmental awareness is spreading in the province as a whole, but noted concern for the environment in the city, most of the countryside. As environmental awareness associated cultural level where it was noted the high level of awareness among the educated classes more than illiterate. It has been observed is that to the environmental awareness is equally between males and females.
The research found the most important proposals : attention to publish more environmental awareness among community groups is an educated in addition to spreading the culture of voluntary work in the field of environment an educated.
The disposal of solid waste is one of the most important contemporary environmental issues. Increasing population and what has been associated with the change in the patterns and lifestyles and increased consumption led to increasing the amount of pr
oduced waste and its quality, especially in cities; the estimated amount of solid waste produced daily in the city of Latakia was 840 tons. Thus, there is an urgent need to follow the techniques in the management of solid waste in all stages to maintain human health and protect the environment from pollution.
This study as a whole aims to estimate the amount and characteristics of solid waste, the methods used to collect and analyze the spatial distribution of the current waste collection containers in areas of the city of Latakia, better planning commensurate with its population and the amount of waste produced using GIS technology. To accomplish this, we have a comprehensive field survey to collect the waste containers in the study area where they were monitoring their locations and identifying characteristics; we relied on statistical analytical approach in the recruitment of data that have been obtained, and used the map to the city of Latakia Tags. And, through the program (ARC GIS 9.3) the data has been entered and processed, linked and analyzed using analysis tools attached to the program, exit maps and various forms that serve the study.
The study concludes that the current number of containers is not enough when discharged per day, and that the spatial distribution is not commensurate with the amount of waste produced in areas of the city .
