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A Hydrogeochemical study of ground water in the Cretaceous formations in Al Qerdaha sheet

دراسة هيدروجيوكيميائية للمياه الجوفية ضمن التشكيلات الكريتاسية في رقعة القرداحة

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 Publication date 2016
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study conducted on 30 sample of ground water, spreaded over most of the Cretaceous formations in the studied area, in order to determine origin and quality of water and evaluate it for the purposes of irrigation and drinking. The study showed that samples taken are not of the same origin, but of the same hydrochemical type of hydrocarbons. Four sets of formed salts also detected. All samples of this study were valid for irrigation water. The samples taken from Bchuna, Al-Matn, Al- Maran, Kafrdabel, Kassaben sites were safe for drinking, the rest of the samples were not because of the increase of calcium ions concentration. The sample of Ain-Kataa site had an increase in concentration of bicarbonate and potassium ions. An exceeded concentration of the limit of these electrolytes values for drinking water according to the Syrian Standard Specificationswas noticed.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة الهيدروجيوكيميائية تحليل 30 عينة من المياه الجوفية المأخوذة من تشكيلات الكريتاسية في منطقة القرداحة. تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد منشأ ونوعية هذه المياه وتقييم صلاحيتها لأغراض الري والشرب. أظهرت النتائج أن المياه ليست من منشأ واحد ولكنها تتبع نمط هيدروكيميائي واحد هو الفط الهيدروكربوناتي، مع وجود أربع مجموعات من الأملاح المتشكلة. جميع العينات صالحة للري، بينما العينات من بشونا، المتن، المران، كفر دبيل، وقصابين صالحة للشرب، أما العينات الأخرى فهي غير صالحة للشرب بسبب ارتفاع تركيز شاردة الكالسيوم. العينة من عين قطعة أظهرت زيادة في تركيز شاردتي البيكربونات والبوتاسيوم، مما يجعلها غير صالحة للشرب وفق المواصفات القياسية السورية.
Critical review
تقدم الدراسة تحليلاً شاملاً ودقيقاً للمياه الجوفية في منطقة القرداحة، مما يساهم في فهم أفضل لتركيبها الكيميائي وصلاحيتها للاستخدامات المختلفة. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض النقد البناء للدراسة. أولاً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولاً إذا تضمنت تحليلاً للملوثات الجرثومية، مما يعطي صورة أكثر تكاملاً عن جودة المياه. ثانياً، لم تتناول الدراسة تأثيرات التغيرات الموسمية على جودة المياه، وهو عامل مهم يجب أخذه في الاعتبار. أخيراً، كان من المفيد تضمين توصيات محددة لتحسين جودة المياه غير الصالحة للشرب، مثل تقنيات المعالجة الممكنة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة؟

    تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد منشأ ونوعية المياه الجوفية في منطقة القرداحة وتقييم صلاحيتها لأغراض الري والشرب.

  2. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية المتعلقة بصلاحية المياه للشرب؟

    النتائج أظهرت أن العينات من بشونا، المتن، المران، كفر دبيل، وقصابين صالحة للشرب، بينما العينات الأخرى غير صالحة بسبب ارتفاع تركيز شاردة الكالسيوم، والعينة من عين قطعة غير صالحة بسبب زيادة تركيز شاردتي البيكربونات والبوتاسيوم.

  3. ما هي الأنماط الهيدروكيميائية التي تم تحديدها في الدراسة؟

    تم تحديد نمط هيدروكيميائي واحد هو الفط الهيدروكربوناتي، مع وجود أربع مجموعات من الأملاح المتشكلة.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة لتحسين جودة المياه؟

    أوصت الدراسة بإنشاء شبكة مراقبة دورية للمياه الجوفية، وإجراء تحاليل جرثومية، واتخاذ التدابير المناسبة لحمايتها من التلوث، بالإضافة إلى إنشاء خزانات لتجميع المياه ومعالجتها لتصبح صالحة للشرب.

Keywords

References used
PONIKAROV, V. P; SHATSKY, V. N; KAZMIN, V .G and KULAKOV, V .V. Ministry of Industry, S.A.R. The geology of Syria. Explanatory Notes on the Geological Map of Syria, scale 1:200 000, sheets I-37-XIX, I-36-XXIV (Latakia, Hama).Ministry of Industry, S.A.R, 1966
PONIKAROV, V. P; KOZLOV, V. V; ARTEMOVE, A. V. and KALIS, A. F. The geology of Syria. Explanatory Notes on the Geological Map of Syria, scale 1:200 000, sheets I-37-XIII, I-36-XVIII (Trablus, Homs). Ministry of Industry, S.A.R, 1966
SULIN, V. A. Oil water in the system of natural ground waters, Gostopichezdat Moscow, USSR, (in Russian), 1946, 215
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Groundwater Samples were collected from seven locations distributed in Lattakiabasin during the winter and summer seasons of 2013.All samples were treated chemically and calculated statistically to evaluate the quality of the studied water and its chemical properties. The aim was to assess the suitability of the water to be potable and to determine the predominant hydrogeology status. It was noticed that the concentrations of the detected major elements were within allowed limits cited for drinking and irrigation waters. Also, it was found that there were no sharp changes either in salinity or in geochemical type of the water toward groundwater movement. Furthermore, the groundwater in the studied locations was largely influenced by lithological composition of aquatic holder. In general, these waters were found to be uncontaminated with marine waters with exception of the location called " wall of Al Mena Al Baida" that is located near the sea. This has been proven by calculation of some of geochemical proportions. Also, this study proved that the aquatic flows in the different water holders of Latakia basin have a hydrolytic relationship among them. Consequently, these flows comprise a uniform aquatic flow with homogenous properties in most of its parts. The direction movement of this uniform flow was identical to the general decline of the zone mostly.
This study was carried out in AL-Querdaha Sheet, in the north and center of the coastal chain in northwestern Syria, in order to determine the spread and model of dolomitization in the region due to its importance (scientific and economic), three str atigraphic sections were raised in the north, center and south of the study area and take rock samples from them, one hundred microscopic slides were prepared for study with of polarizing microscope before and after staining with Alizarin Red, Potassium fresianide solution to detect Ferroan dolomite and calcite, XRF analysis was also performed on the rock samples to determine the percentage of major oxides in them, the study showed that the dolomitization in the region follow seepage- reflux model, it also showed that the northern part of the study area is free from any trace of the dolomitization, while it is spreading in the center and south of the region, and showed There are four types of zones around the dolomite crystals from the inside out:1-dolomite zones, 2-calcite zones, 3- ferroan dolomite zones, 4- hematite zones, the presence of the zones reflects several stages of the Diaginiese, starting with the formation of the dolomitic zones due to the increase in the ratio Mg/Ca, which leads to the replacement of Ca 2+ by Mg2+in the initial calcite crystals and the formation of early dolomite crystals.
This paper deals with a geochemical study of radioactive elements (uranium, thorium, and potassium) in rocks of different composition within the Latakia sheet, where the concentration of radioactive isotopes 238U, 232 Th, 40K was determined using a high-purity germanium detector, and an X-ray diffraction method-was (XRD) used to determine the mineral phases. The study showed a variation in the concentration of 238U, 232 Th, and 40K in the rocks of the study area, and it was observed that the radioactivity is mainly related to the element thorium, due to the presence of metals carrying thorium. The low concentration of potassium in most samples is due to the low percentage of mica and feldspar metals, or their corruption to elite and montmorillonite. The ratio Th/U indicated a suitable reference environment for deposition of uranium in most sedimentary samples, and this high percentage in the ophiolitic complex samples (with the exception of serpentinite rocks) is due to the oxidation and migration of uranium from these rocks towards rocks of sedimentary formations, and the stability of thorium and is not affected by oxidative conditions. The ratio Th/K indicated the predominance of elite and montmorillonite in most samples, with the presence of weather-resistant thorium-bearing metals in the basalt sample, and the sediments of Lake 16 October. The mineralogical study revealed the existence of mineral phases of uranium and thorium, in addition minerals carrying radioactive elements such as monazite and zircon
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