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Register a new userEstimation of the Residues of Pesticides, Bacteria and Parasites in the Surface and Ground waters at Damascus Gouta
تقدير بقايا المبيدات و الجراثيم و الطفيليات في المياه السطحية و الجوفية في غوطة دمشق
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Added by
Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
1999
fields
Geology
and research's language is
العربية
Created by
Shamra Editor
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تعد مياه نهر بردى و المياه الجوفية في غوطة دمشق مصدرًا للري، و زيادة خصوبة التربة منذ القدم، إلا أن التركيز على التنمية الزراعية و الصناعية السريعة أدى إلى تفاقم مشكلة نقص المياه و تلوثها بالمبيدات و الملوثات الكيميائية و الميكروبات الممرضة، و أدى بالتالي إلى تعرض المزروعات و الحيوانات و الإنسان إلى الكثير من المخاطر الصحية. لقد هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقدير الأثر المتبقي للمبيدات، و تحديد تراكيز بعض العناصر الثقيلة الخطيرة، و دراسة التغيرات العددية للجراثيم و الطفيليات المسببة للامراض في كل من مياه فروع نهر بردى و المياه الجوفية في غوطة دمشق، تحت ظروف مناخية مختلفة على مدار السنة، ثم تحديد الأخطار الصحية الكامنة المرتبطة بهذا التلوث، و تقديم بعض المقترحات و التوصيات الضرورية للحفاظ على الصحة العامة، و السلامة البيئية في دمشق و ريفها.
The Barada River and the ground waters of Damascus Gouta are considered as a source for irrigation and for increasing the fertility of the soil since the very old times. But, the concentrate on the rabid agricultural and industrial development led to the aggravation of the water shortage problem and its contamination by pesticides, chemical pollutants and pathogens microbes. Therefore, this led to the exposition of the plantations, livestock and human health risks. This study aims to the estimation of the remaining effect of the pesticides and the definition of the concentration of some hazardous heavy metals as well as the study of numerical changes of the pathological bacteria and parasites in the waters of the Barada River tributaries and the ground waters in the Damascus Gouta under different climatic conditions around the year. This study also defines the potential health hazards related to such a contamination as well as putting forward some necessary proposals and recommendations for protecting the public health and environmental safety in Damascus and its countryside.
References used
سمارة فوزي. المعمار أنور. ١٩٩٢ : مبيدات الآفات منشورات جامعة دمشق.
منظمة الصحة العالمية . ١٩٨٣ : دليل الطرائق الأساسية في المختبرات الطبية .
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This study was carried out on soil samples collected from Damascus
country side (Alghota – Jesrin), in order to study the impact of organochlorine
insecticides resulted from heavy use for a long time.
The duration of experiment was ١١ monthes cove
ring four season
condition. Samples were taken from two levels, the surface (١٠ cm) and the
deep levels (٣٠-٤٥ cm). Soil samples were extracted by acetone, hexane and
chloroform solvents. Residues were detected by using GC.
This research aimed to study the theoretical basis of the pollutant migration
to the aquifer and to carry out some experiments concerning the migration of
some kinds of pesticides in order to calculate the related coefficients. Hence, the
research
concentrates on testing the basic methods of migration to the ground
waters, finding the physico – chemical reactions between pollutants and aquifer
and finding the differential equations which express the movements to the
ground waters which can be applied on the experimental data. It also, includes
the mechanism study of pollutant migrations through the unsaturated layer is
regarded as a passage of the pollutants to the ground waters, and the
experimental methods of the calculation of the basic migration coefficient.
When estimating groundwater recharge in karstified and fractured aquifers
it’s important to take into consideration, that they differ from porous aquifers
by inhomogeneities of their hydraulic properties because of the great variance
of infiltrati
on properties in their rocks. In this research the process of
groundwater recharge in Sher-mansour and Haramon areas in Antilebanon,
where karstified and fractured aquifers are developed, was discussed. The
portion of rainfall reaching the groundwater was calculated by applying water
balance and groundwater level changes methods. In the first method the area
was divided into surface zones and water balance components were calculated
in each zone and the portion was estimated at 55.8% of rainfall in dry years
like 2005-2006. In the second method the area was divided into subsurface
zones and groundwater level fluctuations, storage coefficient and groundwater
storage were calculated. The groundwater recharge varied between 17.5% in
Haramon area and 80% in Sher Mansour area. The results showed that
portions of rainfall reaching groundwater are not equal in the deferent
subsurface zones and are deferent from those calculated by water balance
method.
In this research, 66 samples of tomatoes were collected from vegetables
central market in Darr´aa city during the period extended between 20
October/2009 - 4 October/2010) to investigate the presence of 26 pesticide
residues which belong to differ
ent chemical classes using Gas Chromatography
instruments equipped with μECD, FPD, MSD detectors. QuEChERS extraction
method was used for residue extraction from tomato samples. The detectors
linearity and pesticide detection limits were determined for every pesticide
studied, and the recovery for all pesticides ranged from 90.6 for fenvalerate to
105.5% for propargite. Results showed that 56.1% of tomato samples contained
detectable residues and Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were the most detected
pesticides, while amounts of propargite, methamidofos, cypermethrin,
chlorpyrifos were the largest detected and mounted to 0.99, 0.15, 0.015, 0.012
mg/kg respectively as a median values. Residues of methamidofos in only 2
samples were above the European MRLs.,
The paper includes in the first stage an estimate of the runoff volume and sediment load,
resulting from rainfall on a watershed of Alkhoser seasonal river, north-eastern Mosul
city/Republic of Iraq, which has an area of up to 725 km2. There is a p
roposal for construction of
a rainwater harvesting dam for the supplementary irrigation in the region which is exploited by
planting wheat and barley crop widely. Digital elevation model (DEM) was adopted in order to
describe the topography of the region, which is one of the main factors affecting the water flow
direction and velocity. It also adopted the daily data of rainfall, maximum and minimum
temperature, for the period 1989 to 2007 for Mosul to estimate the volume of runoff and
sediments resulting from each effective rainstorm. The applied model includes the Geographical
Information System (GIS).
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