Indebtedness is considered one of the most important problems facing Arab countries, due to its negative dimensions on the process of economic development in these countries and its threat to the stability of their financial system. which prompted th
ese countries to borrow, which constituted a huge burden on the borrowing Arab countries in paying the installments agreed upon by the creditor and the interest arising from these loans, and of course, these burdens that are paid are at the expense of the basic services provided by these countries to their citizens, which It leaves negative effects on social and political conditions, in addition to stifling economic growth rates. This research aims to shed light on the factors that played an important role in exacerbating the external indebtedness crisis of Arab countries, and to identify ways that can mitigate the impact of external indebtedness at the local level. Arab and international
In light of the developments that the world is witnessing economically as well as politically, it has become impossible to separate politics from the economy, until the economy has become a major reason for the emergence o
f diplomatic relations between countries. The state internally through increasing production and many other means that aim to reach sufficiency and abundance. However, the economy also has an important external role in raising the power of states economically, and placing them among the ranks of the great states at the economic as well as political level.
After the global financial crisis and the subsequent sovereign debt crisis that hit European economies in 2010, the German economy was able to recover faster than the others, achieving what has been called the "second German miracle". While some rese
archers had attributed this miracle to the monetary policy of the European Central Bank which is largely biased towards Germany (as the strongest economy in the region), others attributed it to the German economy’s reliance on the export sector and its successful strategy before and during the 2010 crisis. Accordingly, This study aimed to determine the extent of the contribution of the German export policy to achieve that miracle in order to extract some lessons. To this end, the impact of the export growth rate on the German economy has been analyzed since the outbreak of the European sovereign debt crisis in 2010 until the end of 2019; This is done by analyzing the changes in both the export growth rate and the main indicators of the German economy (growth, inflation, and unemployment rates) graphically and statistically depending on ARDL methodology in order to test the existence of a relationship in the long and short term.The research concluded that there was a significant effect of the export growth rate on growth and unemployment rates, while it didn’t have any effect on the inflation rates. That is, the German export-dependent growth model has relatively contributed to the recovery of the economy and the improvement of its indicators, depending on its export strategy on the one hand, the strength and resilience of the economy on the other hand, and on German’s benefit from the European crisis on the third hand.
تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على درجة الاحتياج التدريبي للمرشدين الزراعيين في بعض المجالات المرتبطة بعملهم الإرشادي
The study focuses on studying the strategy of targeting the exchange
rate as one of the strategic frameworks of Islamic monetary policy
in the Pakistani economy, By focusing on what the exchange rate
targeting and the most important requirements o
f success in the
Pakistani economy, as well as review factors affecting the behavior
of exchange rate in Pakistan and analysis of stability during the
study period, to offer a mechanism to target exchange rate in the
Pakistani economy.
The aim of the study is to examine the impact of using
Sharia-compliant monetary policy tools and mechanisms, such as
the recent Islamic participation certificates " Shahama, Sarh,
Shehab, which has influenced the macroeconomic variables in the
S
udanese economy, As well as low inflation rates.
علم الاقتصاد هو مجموعة من المعارف المنسقة و المستخلصة منن دراسة الحقائق و الظواهر الطبيعية و الاجتماعية .
In this paper is providing a proof for existing gap between theory
and practice in the monetary policy of Islamic economic system
based on studying a case of Islamic Republic of Iran. The Iranian
monetary policy makers using widely participation p
aper as a dualinstrument
for monetary control and finance the investing &
infrastructure projects. In addition, the central bank of Iran using
profit rate effectively due to its monetary policy.
The study aimed to determine the relationship between stock prices
and GDP at the level of the Egyptian economy. By applying a time
series extending from 2001 to 2015.
This research aims to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables on credit risks in the private commercial banks operating in Syria.
Considering 10 commercial banks during 2009-2015, we study and analyze a number of macroeconomic variables pr
oposed by the associated economic literature, and it seems that these variables have an important effect on credit risk.
Preliminary tests are applied to test for the Stationarity of the selected variables. Besides, a (co-integrating) long-term relationship between the explanatory variables and the dependent variable is investigated using an ARDL model. A Fixed Effect panel model is fitted to assess the potential effects of the considered macro-variables on credits risks.
It seems that macroeconomics variables have a significant role in explaining the changes in quality loans portfolio, which causes an increasing in the nonperforming loans in Syrian commercial banks. In effect, it results that there is a negative and statistically significant effect of both economic growth and inflation rate on credit risk, whereas, there is a positive and statistically significant effect of both real interest rate and real effective exchange rate on credit risk
