We revisit the topic of translation direction in the data used for training neural machine translation systems and focusing on a real-world scenario with known translation direction and imbalances in translation direction: the Canadian Hansard. Accor
ding to automatic metrics and we observe that using parallel data that was produced in the matching'' translation direction (Authentic source and translationese target) improves translation quality. In cases of data imbalance in terms of translation direction and we find that tagging of translation direction can close the performance gap. We perform a human evaluation that differs slightly from the automatic metrics and but nevertheless confirms that for this French-English dataset that is known to contain high-quality translations and authentic or tagged mixed source improves over translationese source for training.
Neural machine translation (NMT) models are typically trained using a softmax cross-entropy loss where the softmax distribution is compared against the gold labels. In low-resource scenarios and NMT models tend to perform poorly because the model tra
ining quickly converges to a point where the softmax distribution computed using logits approaches the gold label distribution. Although label smoothing is a well-known solution to address this issue and we further propose to divide the logits by a temperature coefficient greater than one and forcing the softmax distribution to be smoother during training. This makes it harder for the model to quickly over-fit. In our experiments on 11 language pairs in the low-resource Asian Language Treebank dataset and we observed significant improvements in translation quality. Our analysis focuses on finding the right balance of label smoothing and softmax tempering which indicates that they are orthogonal methods. Finally and a study of softmax entropies and gradients reveal the impact of our method on the internal behavior of our NMT models.
This research is based on the use of different types of mineral
mordants, mineral salts, in the dyeing process using the aqueous
extract of eucalyptus leaves. The used mordants are aluminum
potassium sulphate, copper sulphate, iron sulphate and mi
xtures of
these mordants. Study the effect of these mordants on the dyeing
process.
Usually, a reflector dish with a loudspeaker or a microphone placed at
its focal point is used in directed acoustic systems to determine the
direction in which the acoustic wave is transmitted or received, in
addition to improve the gain in the ac
oustic transmission or reception.
As the parabolic reflector dish with an oval aperture has significant
advantages, and there is no relationship between parameters of this dish
and some variables that have direct influence on acoustical emission or
reception of this dish, this work is intended to find this relationship, and
this is achieved by carrying out a theoretical and experimental study to
find the optimum utilization of this dish in directed acoustic systems.
This paper presents the Change vector analysis (CVA) approach for detecting and
characterizing radiometric change in multispectral remote sensing data sets
The dynamic changes of the land use/land cover were studied in lattakia city by
using two E
TM-Landsat-7 scenes, for the years 2000, and 2010, and the spatial resolution
of those two images was 15 m. The CVA algorithm has been applied and produced two
‘channels’ of output change information multispectral change magnitude and change
vector direction in land use/land cover during this period. Two models have been built
within ERDAS Imagine 8.6 software to perform the algorithm and evaluate the positive
and negative changes and analyze the the human impacts on the land use/ land cover
change.
This method can be applied to various fields of study in order to generate maps
represent the continuous development of land use and land cover. These maps can be
significantly useful for the regional and urban planning and natural resource management,
in light of the great expansion of urban areas at the expense of green spaces and
uncontrolled use of the land.
This research consists of two parts. The first part depends on the previous researches and literature dealing with the subject research "sex in advertising". This research aims through the first part to analyze "sex in advertising" phenomenon, since
advertisers use sex in advertising to attract the consumer to the advertisement. This research through field study aims to measure the effect of sex in advertising on the consumer's attitude toward advertising and towards brand according to the consumer's gender.
Through survey study, the research shows that there is a positive effect of sex in advertising on the consumer's attitude towards advertising and brand: when the consumers are male, whereas there is a negative effect of sex in advertising on the consumer's attitude towards advertising and brand when the consumers are females. Based on the findings, researchers suggest that advertisers can use sex in advertising to create a positive attitude toward advertising and brand when the consumers are males, and avoid using sex in the advertising addressed to female consumers with the aim to gain positive attitude towards both advertising and brand.
This research consists of two parts. The first part depends on the
previous researches and literature dealing with the subject research "comparative advertising". This research aims through the first part to analysis 'comparative advertising' phenom
enon, advertisers use "comparative advertising" to persuade consumer to buy the brand through information and facts. This research Through field study aims to measure effect of comparative advertising form(one way advertisement VS. two way advertisement) on consumer attitude toward advertising and consumer attitude toward brand and consumer intention to purchase the brand .
Through field study the research shows that there is a significant
effect of two way comparative advertising on consumer attitude
toward advertising and consumer attitude toward brand and
consumer intention to purchase the brand, but there is no significant effect of one way comparative advertising on consumer attitude toward advertising and consumer attitude toward brand and consumer intention to purchase the brand.
Sandwich panels are locally produced with two faces of metal those which cover a
hard adhesive and thick core of polyurethane. The widely Extend of these panels increase
day for day as structural elements imitating the function necessities of the e
ngineering
construction.
The use of those panels as carried structural elements in wall or ceiling structures can
coincide with a submission of their sections materials, especially the two faces to the
change in a nature of the normal stress acted on them due to the alternate of the panel part
bending statically or dynamically when the alternate was produced from the change of
the loading acting direct on it or from the alternate of the live loading on the adjacent fields
of the continuous systems from it.
The evaluation of the sustain capacity and stability of the sandwich elements
consisted of such panels performs depended to the critical stress value leaded to arise of the
wrinkling waves of the compressive face of the panel that it values depended first on the
quality and properties of the production.
The research handled the testing of the sustainability and stability of the local
produced sandwich panel due to the alternate in a nature of it stress statically as a carried
structural element in the structural system built from such panels.
The conclusions of the research showed that this produced panel
follows a linear behavior too even in the case of the change of its bending direction or stress
nature of its face, especially in the loading steps coincided at least to the arising of the critical
wrinkling stress, whereas the value of this stress decreases 40% from its value for the
loading or bending case of the panel in only one direction.
Marriage is considered equal right which was built on mutual understanding,
cooperation and affection, it is the vital road Tayeb Tahir to maintain the noble sentiments
between men and women, and marriage is not a way to physical sensory mixing bet
ween
men and women, but it is a natural way to holders of common sense to the emotional
mixing, psychological gratification and emotional integration, where each of the spouses is
considered a dress for another, conceals, protects and warmth him, he says: {are you as
you dress to dress them} [Al-Baqarah: 187]
Given the feelings of love, which is made between the couple, it strengthen their
connection by sharing these feelings, God has created people with love, which is a strong
bond between a man and his wife, it is the weapon that helps them making their way in
life, and withstanding the rigors of life and its troubles.
One of the problems that have invaded our Arab and Islamic communities is the
phenomenon of customary marriages (or so-called Al Madani sometimes), but as a result
of the intellectual invasion of Islamic societies, illegitimate relations began to spread
among young men and women before marriage, under the slogans of false misleading, and
under the pretext of love and dating sometimes, and that this way the right to marry output,
and this is tainted by a lot of ambiguity and uncertainty for those who looked more closely
to what is happening around us, and it finds that the loss of these relationships is huge, and
the consequences dire, how many marriages failed and many stumble, because it began
with such relations, and did not rely on legitimate laws people are born with.
This article presents a new method of Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation technique using Multiple
Signal Classification ( MUSIC ) algorithm. This method is applied to communication signals that work
in broadband frequency by using a single RF port of Broad-Band ESPAR Antenna, with eight parasitic
radiators (BB-ESPAR-8).
