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The Scope of Temporal to International Air Carrier's Liability for Resultant Damages from Terrorism

المدى الزمني لمسؤولية الناقل الجوي الدولي عن الأضرار الناتجة عن الإرهاب

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 Publication date 2016
  fields Law
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study includes the scope of temporal to international air carrier's liability for resultant damages from terrorism. The Warsaw Convention, for the unification of certain rules for international carriage by air, stipulates in art. 17 the liability of air carrier for damage to passengers if the accident took place on board the aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking or disembarking. The scope of temporal to international air carrier's liability for resultant damages from terrorism raises wide doctrinal and judicial question, because of the Warsaw Convention 1929 and the following convention (the Montreal Convention 1999) don't include the accidents of terrorism.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة المدى الزمني لمسؤولية الناقل الجوي الدولي عن الأضرار الناتجة عن الإرهاب. تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة توضح تصاعد وتيرة العمليات الإرهابية وتأثيرها على نظم النقل الجوي، خاصة بعد أحداث 11 سبتمبر 2001. تتناول الدراسة اتفاقيتي وارسو ومونتريال اللتين لم تتضمنا نصوصًا تعالج حوادث الإرهاب، وتناقش مسؤولية الناقل الجوي عن الأضرار التي تلحق بالركاب أثناء فترة النقل الجوي. تنقسم الدراسة إلى مبحثين رئيسيين: الأول يتناول وقوع الإرهاب على متن الطائرة، والثاني يتناول وقوع الإرهاب أثناء عمليات الصعود أو الهبوط. في المبحث الأول، تناقش الدراسة مدى عد الإرهاب حادثًا يُسأل عنه الناقل الجوي وتحديد المقصود بمتن الطائرة. في المبحث الثاني، تتناول الدراسة الاتجاهين المضيق والموسع لعمليات الصعود أو الهبوط. تختتم الدراسة بمجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات، منها ضرورة تنسيق شركات الطيران مع السلطات الأمنية وتبني اتفاقية دولية خاصة بمسؤولية الناقل الجوي عن الأضرار الناتجة عن الإرهاب.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أهمية الموضوع الذي تتناوله الدراسة، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي قد تحتاج إلى المزيد من التوضيح والتعمق. أولاً، كان من الممكن أن تتناول الدراسة بشكل أوسع تأثير التشريعات الوطنية المختلفة على مسؤولية الناقل الجوي في حالات الإرهاب. ثانيًا، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين المزيد من الأمثلة العملية والحالات الدراسية لتوضيح كيفية تطبيق الاتفاقيات الدولية في الواقع العملي. ثالثًا، كان من الممكن أن تتناول الدراسة بشكل أعمق دور التكنولوجيا الحديثة في تحسين أمن الطيران وتقليل مخاطر الإرهاب. وأخيرًا، كان من الممكن أن تتناول الدراسة بشكل أوسع تأثير التعاون الدولي في مجال أمن الطيران وكيفية تحسين هذا التعاون لمواجهة التحديات الأمنية المتزايدة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الاتفاقيات الدولية التي تناولتها الدراسة فيما يتعلق بمسؤولية الناقل الجوي؟

    تناولت الدراسة اتفاقيتي وارسو ومونتريال اللتين تتعلقان بتوحيد بعض قواعد النقل الجوي الدولي، لكنها أشارت إلى أن هاتين الاتفاقيتين لم تتضمنا نصوصًا تعالج حوادث الإرهاب.

  2. ما هو المدى الزمني لمسؤولية الناقل الجوي الدولي عن الأضرار الناتجة عن الإرهاب كما تناولته الدراسة؟

    يقسم المدى الزمني لمسؤولية الناقل الجوي الدولي عن الأضرار الناتجة عن الإرهاب إلى حالتين: الأولى هي وقوع الإرهاب على متن الطائرة، والثانية هي وقوع الإرهاب أثناء عمليات الصعود أو الهبوط.

  3. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة لمواجهة الإرهاب في النقل الجوي؟

    أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تنسيق شركات الطيران مع السلطات الأمنية لاتخاذ التدابير اللازمة لتجنب أعمال الإرهاب، وتبني اتفاقية دولية تنظم مسؤولية الناقل الجوي عن الأضرار الناتجة عن الإرهاب.

  4. ما هي الاتجاهات التي تناولتها الدراسة في تفسير عمليات الصعود أو الهبوط؟

    تناولت الدراسة اتجاهين في تفسير عمليات الصعود أو الهبوط: الاتجاه المضيق الذي يعتمد على معيار مكان وجود الراكب، والاتجاه الموسع الذي يعتمد على معيار نشاط الراكب.


References used
Goedhuis, D, National Airlegislations and The Warsaw Convention, Matinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1937
Evangelinos v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (United States), 396 F. Supp. 95, June 12, 1975. Available at: www.law.justia.com, last updated September 10, 2016
Salerno v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., District Court for the Southern District of New York (United States), 606 F. Supp. 656, April 19, 1985. Available at: www.law.justia.com, last updated August 25, 2016
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