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Pedological and microbiological study of a Pine forest soil profiles in the coastal Region (Mehwarti Forest)

دراسة بيدولوجية و ميكروبيولوجية لقطاعات تربة غابة صنوبرية في المنطقة الساحلية

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The aim of this study was to determine some physical, chemical properties and microbiological density (fungi –bacteria) of a Pine forest soil in the coastal region (Mehwarti forest, Banias), where Pinus brutia is the main dominant plant. Three soil profiles were carried out and their morphological characteristics were determined, the thickness of accumulated organic residues and GPS data were also recorded. For physical and chemical analysis, samples from each profile horizon were taken and air- dried, whereas for the microbial diversity analysis, samples were taken twice in autumn and spring, and transported and stored at 4C. The results showed that the studied soil belongs to Alfisol Order with A -Bt – C profile types. Our results also showed that the soil depth was (85-100cm) and the texture was clay with a high porosity in all studied soil horizons. The content of calcium carbonate in the studied horizons was closely similar and increased with soil depth, whereas the pH ranged between 6.8 and 7.9. The results indicated that the organic matter decreased significantly with soil depth that affected the microorganisms density which behave in the same manner. This decreas was very clear in the first horizon especially in spring.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية والكثافة الحيوية لبعض المجاميع الميكروبية (تعداد كلي، فطريات، بكتريا) لتربة غابة صنوبرية (Pinus brutia) في الساحل السوري بمنطقة بانياس-حريصون. تم تنفيذ ثلاثة مقاطع كاملة في أرض الغابة وصولاً إلى الصخر الأم، وأجري عليها الوصف المورفولوجي وسجلت بيانات تحديد الموقع GPS لكل قطاع. أخذت عينات من كل أفق من الآفاق المشكلة للقطاعات، ونقلت إلى المخبر لإجراء التحاليل الفيزيائية والكيميائية والميكروبيولوجية. أظهرت النتائج أن التربة تنتمي إلى Alfisol، بقطاعات A-Bt-C، وعمقها يتراوح بين 85-100 سم، وقوامها طيني مع مسامية عالية. كما بينت النتائج أن محتوى كربونات الكالسيوم يزداد بالاقتراب من الصخر الأم، ودرجة الحموضة تتراوح بين 6.8 و7.9. انخفضت المادة العضوية بشكل حاد مع العمق، مما أثر على كثافة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة التي تناقصت أعدادها بنفس الاتجاه. كما أظهرت الدراسة زيادة واضحة في كثافة الأحياء الدقيقة في الأفق السطحي في فصل الربيع مقارنة بالخريف.
Critical review
تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة في فهم خصائص التربة الغابية وتوزيع الكائنات الحية الدقيقة فيها. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض النقد البناء لتحسين الأبحاث المستقبلية. أولاً، كان من الممكن تضمين المزيد من المواقع لزيادة تنوع العينة وتحسين دقة النتائج. ثانياً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير العوامل البيئية الأخرى مثل التلوث أو النشاط البشري على التربة والكائنات الحية الدقيقة. أخيراً، كان من الممكن استخدام تقنيات تحليلية أكثر تقدماً مثل التحليل الجيني للكائنات الحية الدقيقة لفهم أفضل لتنوعها ووظائفها.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لتربة غابة الصنوبر البروتي في الدراسة؟

    تتميز التربة بعمق يتراوح بين 85-100 سم، قوام طيني، مسامية عالية، محتوى كربونات الكالسيوم يزداد مع العمق، ودرجة حموضة تتراوح بين 6.8 و7.9. كما تنخفض المادة العضوية بشكل حاد مع العمق.

  2. كيف تؤثر المادة العضوية على كثافة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة في التربة؟

    تنخفض كثافة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة مع انخفاض المادة العضوية في التربة، حيث توجد علاقة ارتباط قوية بينهما. تزداد كثافة الأحياء الدقيقة في الأفق السطحي في فصل الربيع مقارنة بالخريف بسبب زيادة المواد العضوية المتراكمة.

  3. ما هي التصنيفات المورفولوجية للتربة التي تم دراستها؟

    تنتمي التربة إلى رتبة Alfisol، بقطاعات من النوع A-Bt-C. الأفق A يتميز ببنية حبيبية، الأفق Bt يتميز ببنية كتلية، والأفق C يتميز بوجود أكاسيد الحديد.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة لإدارة الغابات؟

    أوصت الدراسة باستخدام تقنية الاستشعار عن بعد لمراقبة حالة الغابة، وإجراء أبحاث مماثلة في مناطق أخرى لتصنيف الترب في الساحل السوري وسوريا بشكل عام.


References used
AFES.(1992): Référentiel pédologique Principaux sols d'Europe. INRA Ed.,: 222p
ALEXANDER, M. (1996): Introduction to soil microbiology, Wiley,ir.y
BURESH, R.J.; AUSTIN, E.R. AND CRASWELL, E.T. (1982): Analytical methods inN-15 research. Fert. Res. 3: 37 - 62
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