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Register a new userPedological and microbiological study of a Pine forest soil profiles in the coastal Region (Mehwarti Forest)
دراسة بيدولوجية و ميكروبيولوجية لقطاعات تربة غابة صنوبرية في المنطقة الساحلية
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تناول البحث دراسة بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية و الكيميائية و الكثافة الحيوية لبعض المجاميع الميكروبية (تعداد كلي، فطريات، بكتريا) لتربة غابة صنوبرية إبرية الأوراق (غابة محورتي) في الساحل السوري في منطقة بانياس-حريصون و المكونة بشكل أساسي من الصنوبر البروتي (Pinus brutia). نفّذت ثلاثة مقاطع كاملة في أرض الغابة وصولاً إلى الصخر الأم، و أجري عليها الوصف المورفولوجي و سجلت بيانات تحديد الموقع GPS لكل قطاع، و سماكة الطبقة العضوية المتراكمة. أخذت عينات من كل أفق من الآفاق المشكلة للقطاعات، و نقلت إلى المخبر, و جففت هوائياً لغرض إجراء التحاليل الفيزيائية و الكيميائية، أما العينات المخصصة للدراسة الميكروبيولوجية فقد أخذت في فصل الخريف (تشرين الثاني 2012) و فصل الربيع (نيسان2013), و نقلت إلى المخبر مباشرة ضمن حافظات مبردة ثم حفظت في البراد (4مْ) لحين إجراء التحاليل الحيوية. بينت الدراسة الحقلية المباشرة أن الترب المدروسة في غابة محورتي تتبع من الناحية التصنيفية لرتبة Alfisol، ذات قطاعات من الشكل A-Bt-C. كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أن تربة الغابة متوسطة العمق (85-100سم)، قوامها طيني، و مساميتها عالية في كل الآفاق. و قد تقاربت الآفاق في محتواها من كربونات الكالسيوم و كانت تزداد بالاقتراب من الصخر الأم الكلسي، أما درجة ال pH فقد تراوحت بين 6.8 إلى 7.9. كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أن المادة العضوية انخفضت بشكل حاد بالاتجاه نحو الأسفل, مما أثر على كثافة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة التي تناقصت أعدادها بنفس الاتجاه, و مع وجود علاقة ارتباط قوية بينهما, و كانت هذه الزيادة في كثافة الأحياء الدقيقة واضحة بشكل كبير في الأفق السطحي في فصل الربيع مقارنة بفصل الخريف.
The aim of this study was to determine some physical, chemical properties and microbiological density (fungi –bacteria) of a Pine forest soil in the coastal region (Mehwarti forest, Banias), where Pinus brutia is the main dominant plant. Three soil profiles were carried out and their morphological characteristics were determined, the thickness of accumulated organic residues and GPS data were also recorded. For physical and chemical analysis, samples from each profile horizon were taken and air- dried, whereas for the microbial diversity analysis, samples were taken twice in autumn and spring, and transported and stored at 4C. The results showed that the studied soil belongs to Alfisol Order with A -Bt – C profile types. Our results also showed that the soil depth was (85-100cm) and the texture was clay with a high porosity in all studied soil horizons. The content of calcium carbonate in the studied horizons was closely similar and increased with soil depth, whereas the pH ranged between 6.8 and 7.9. The results indicated that the organic matter decreased significantly with soil depth that affected the microorganisms density which behave in the same manner. This decreas was very clear in the first horizon especially in spring.
References used
AFES.(1992): Référentiel pédologique Principaux sols d'Europe. INRA Ed.,: 222p
ALEXANDER, M. (1996): Introduction to soil microbiology, Wiley,ir.y
BURESH, R.J.; AUSTIN, E.R. AND CRASWELL, E.T. (1982): Analytical methods inN-15 research. Fert. Res. 3: 37 - 62
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The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of slope position on some
soil physico-chemical properties .The study was conducted on a pine forest soil , Tartous.
Soil samples were collected from top , mid and bottom slope positions at hor
izon- A and C
of top and mid slope positions and at horizon A,(B)and C of bottom slope positions .
Results showed a significant difference among the physico-chemical properties of top ,
mid and bottom slope soils . Bulk density of the top - slope (1.34 gcm-3) was the highest
followed by mid ( 1.31 gcm-3) and bottom slopes (1.27 g cm-3) .Conversely ,Organic
matter content (2.86%) ,electrical conductivity EC(0.20mmos/cm) , calcium(28.3
meq/100g) , magnesium(6.80 meq/100g) , Potassium (0.21 meq/100g), Soil pH ( 7.95) ,
clay content (38.43 %) and silt content (34.70%) were the highest at bottom slope followed
by mid and top- slopes , respectively . Soil A and C horizon of top and mid slope positions
and A ,(B)and C horizons of bottom slope positions were also significantly different in
their physical and chemical properties . Horizon A had the highest organic matter
,electrical conductivity , calcium , magnesium , silt contents and lower bulk
density,CaCO3, sand contents than both the (B) and C horizons of bottom slope and the C
horizon of top and mid slope .The deterioration in physico-chemical properties of top slope
as compared to mid and bottom slopes and that of A horizon as compared to C horizons
were presumed to be due to past soil erosion effect that removed the finer soil particles
including soil organic matter and other plant nutrient.
The aim of this study was to determine some physical, chemical and microbiological density (fungi – bacteria) of a Pine forest soil in the coastal region (Al-Ballotiah forest, Banias) where Quercus calliprinus is the main dominant plant.
Three soi
l profiles were taken and their morphological characteristics were determined, the thickness of accumulated organic matter and GPS data were also recorded.
For physical and chemical analysis, samples from each profile horizon were taken and air- dried, whereas for the microbial diversity analysis, samples were taken twice in autumn and spring; and transported and stored at 4C.
The results showed that the studied soil belongs to Mollisols, Entisols with A-AC-C1-C2 profile types. Our results also showed that the soil depth was (153-150 cm) and rich in calcium carbonate.
Soil pH is alkali, where the pH ranged between (7.91-9.13) that increased bacterial activity and density in organic litter and mineral soil, which was related with the organic matter ratio. This ratio decreased significantly with soil depth that affected the microorganisms density which behave in the same manner. However, an increasing of microorganisms density was detected in spring especially in first horizon.
The research was performed during the three years from 2011 in the coastal area
“Lattakia and Tartous” The study of soil erosion has been traced in eight occasional sites in
the coastal area, Gradient in its slope degree from 10% to 45% . the eight
sites has also
been studied under the three systems “Forests, burned forests , planted soil”
The results shows, that the dangerous of the Water erosion in the coastal area soils
especially in the slopes that is more than 15%, the drift reached scary figures that ranged
between 32.5 ton/Hectares when the slope was 10%, and 165 ton/hectares when the slope
was 45% in the agricultural system (Where the surface of the soil is semi-disgrace), These
amounts ranged between 9 and 56.5 t / hectares/year in the burned forest system and
between 1.4 and 15 t / hectares/year in the forest system.
The runoff of rain water may range between 24 and 59.20 in the forest system versus
6.8 and 32.8 in the burned forest systems and, finally, between 2.9 and 16.8 in the forest
system.
The objective of this research to study the chemical composition and microbial load
for some types of pies by performing various chemical and microbial analysis of samples
collected, from different parts of the Syrian coast which are famous for its
production.
This study showed a large variation in the chemical composition of samples by type
of the pastry and place brought from, for example, the proportion of dry matter for peppers
and chard pies collected from Banias was, 75.71% and 44.90%, respectively, and the
percentage of dry matter was 73.88% and 76.18% and the proportion of protein was,
17.76% and 24 .88% for cheese pies collected from Tartous and Latakia 1, respectively.
This study indicated that all the pies contain a high percentage of fat [the lowest in chard
pies (17.64%) and the highest in cheese pies (38.12%)]. Furthermore a high percentage of
sodium was found (the highest in cheese pies 15.31 mg / 100 g and lowest in pepper pies
7.82 mg / 100 g).
The study also showed that these meals meet international standards in terms of
content of lead, cadmium, Nevertheless they are poor in fiber content except for chard pies
which were the most balanced in terms of components, making it the best type of pies in
nutritional aspect.
Finally, the results showed that the microbial load was too high, as the total census of
bacteria was higher than 105 and the total census of yeasts and fungi was higher than 102.
In addition, all pies are not conformed to the Syrian legislation. The study also showed
absence of E.coli and St. aureus of all samples.
This research aims at evaluating the effect of fire on the erosion of burned forest soils
after rainfall. The research was carried out during (2010/2011) in a pine forest near the
village of Ein Al-Jaouz at an altitude of 900m, north east Tartous g
overnorate. The forest
had a fire in October 2009.
Ten metal plots (2m2 each plot) were used to evaluate soil erosion, five plots in the
burned part of the forest and another five plots in the unburned part.
The runoff coefficient, soil erosion rate, soil pH and rate of some mineral elements
(Ca++, K+ , Mg++) were estimated and compared in the two parts.
This study showed that the runoff coefficient was three times as great on the burned
part as on the unburned part, and the rate of soil erosion was 7.22 Mg/ha in the burned part
and 0.1Mg/ha in the unburned part. This shows the impact of fire in increasing soil erosion
and runoff. This study also showed the difference in cation concentrations in the runoff
water between the two parts.
The study reveals the importance of protecting forests against fire. This is to limit
soil erosion and its economic and environmental consequences.
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