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The Level of the Special Needs of Parents of Children with Down Syndrome in the Light of some of The Variables (A field study in the province of Damascus)

مستوى الاحتياجات الخاصة لوالدي أطغال متلازمة داون في ضوء بعض المتغيرات (دراسة ميدانية في محافظة دمشق)

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 Publication date 2016
  fields Education
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The research aims to identify the level of the special needs of parents of children with Down Syndrome in the province of Damascus, and the knowledge of the differences in the level oftheir needs, according to the variables (sex, educational level, monthly income).



References used
Baldwin, J,(2006) "Designing disability services in south ASIA: Understanding of the role played by the organizations involved in mental disability
Brown, R,(2004) Family Quality of Life and Disability: A Comparative Study, Journal on Intellection Disability Research, V 48, 4-5, 444-462
Parker. S. W,(1221) Shifting Pictures in Akaleidoscopic World : Concerns Parents of Preschool Children With Disabilities. A thesis Submitted to the Pittsburgh
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The research aims to identify the level of the necessary needs of families of children with mental Retardation in the province of Damascus under Syrian crisis, and the knowledge of the differences in the level of their needs, according to the vari ables (sex, educational level). The sample research of (222) person from parents of children with mental Retardation were Selected purposely of centers and associations of government and private special education in the province of Damascus, and applied them to assess the needs of families of disabled children's scale (Bailey & Simeonsson.1998) which developed by al-Khatib and Hassan (2000) after verifying of validity and reliability.
The study aimed to identify the environmental awareness among the kindergarten children (high, middle, low) in Lattakia city. In order to achieve this objective, the sample of the research of kindergarten children was selected from public and priva te kindergartens. The number of the sample reached (180) children of the age (5-6) years. This sample was chosen stratified randomly. The researcher used the descriptive method to achieve the objectives of the study. The research tool consisted of a non-verbal environmental awareness scale, which was developed by the researcher to suit the developmental characteristics of the kindergarten child in The Syrian Environment. The study found that the level of the environmental awareness of kindergarten children in Lattakia was high. The results also showed that there were no differences between kindergarten children in their environmental awareness according to gender and kindergarten's own.
The objective of this study is to know the level of psychological stresses of mothers of children with intellectual disability in Lattakia city. it aimed to find differences in the psychological stresses according to some variables : mothers educat ional level, child's gender , and the child's disability degree. The sample consisted of 34 mothers . The test of Sertawi& Abdul Aziz (1998) had been used. The results indicated that 14.7% of the participants experienced high level of psychological stress, 58.8% experienced medium level and 26.5% didn’t show any symptoms of psychological stresses. The study did not show any notable differences regarding variables: mothers educational levels, child's gender or the child's disability.
The goal of the present research is to uncover the most used methods of punishment by teachers to adjust the behavior of students with intellectual disabilities: the method of corporal punishment, Time-out, the method of verbal reprimand and non-verb al, cost Response method. The aim of the research is to detect differences among teachers in the use of methods of punishment to control the behavior of students with intellectual disabilities in the light of some of the variables (sex of the teacher, the number of years of experience, academic qualifications, age, to undergo training courses). The study sample consisted of (70) teachers of students with mental disabilities. The research found the following results: 1- All teachers use the methods of punishment to control the behavior of students with mental disabilities and the methods of punishment was the order of most used to least frequently used as follows: cost response method, the method of Time-out, the method of verbal reprimand and non-verbal method, corporal punishment. 2- There are no statistically significant differences in the methods of punishment used to control the behavior of students with mental disabilities due to the variable of sex of the teacher. 3- There is no statistically significant differences in the methods of punishment used to control the behavior of students with mental disabilities due to the variable number of years of experience, except where the method of Time-out found significant differences in favor of teachers who have more experience than ten years. 4- There is no statistically significant differences in the methods of punishment used to control the behavior of students with mental disabilities due to the variable of educational qualification, except where the cost response method, and there wene statistically significant differences in favor of teachers who obtained the diploma. 5- There are no statistically significant differences in the meth ods of punishment used to control the behavior of students with mental disabilities due to the variable age of the teacher. 6- There are no statistically significant differences in the methods of punishment used to control the behavior of students with mental disabilities due to the variable of undergoing training courses.
The aim of the present research is to determine the appropriate diagnostic methods to find out the affected fetuses with Down Syndrome in order to decrease as possible subjecting the pregnant women to invasive prenatal diagnosis . This is a Prosp ective – practical study, where /1137/ pregnant women at 13- 16 gestation weeks, ( age range: 20-42 years) were included. Biochemical screening of the pregnant women, ultrasound screening of the fetuses: nuchal translucency, nasal bone, which helped us to isolate the highrisk pregnancies for Down syndrome (the potential rate of incidence ≥ 0.4%). The screen positive group included 57 pregnant ( 5.01% ) . Amniocentesis and subsequently karyotyping was done to each woman in this group . We found out 4 affected fetuses from 5 ( 80%) , because the following up of the remaining pregnancies revealed a fifth affected newborn with Down syndrome. The early prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome was possible in ( 80% ) by subjecting only ( 5.01% ) of pregnants to the invasive prenatal diagnosis .

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