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Register a new userUsing video records in 3D modelling of large historical monuments
استخدام تسجيلات الفيديو في النمذجة ثلاثية الأبعاد للمنشآت الأثرية الضخمة
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عمر محمد الخليل( باحث )
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إن الهدف الرئيسي لهذا البحث هو استكشاف إمكانيات آلات تصوير الفيديو منخفضة التكاليف في حل مسألة النمذجة ثلاثية الأبعاد للمنشآت الأثرية الضخمة. و كما نعلم, فإن اقتطاع الصور اللازمة لأي مشروع مسح تصويري هو مسألة جوهرية. لأن كلفة المشروع و المدة الزمنية اللازمة لإنهائه تعتمدان على طريقة اقتطاع هذه الصور. و عادةً ما يتم التقاط هذه الصور واحدةً فواحدة بحيث تظهر كل نقطة من نقاط العنصر المصور على صورتين على الأقل. هذه العملية تستغرق الكثير من الوقت و خاصةً في المشاريع التي تهدف إلى نمذجة المشاهد المتسعة. من ناحية أخرى, نعلم أن تسجيل الفيديو هو عملية بسيطة نسبياً و تستغرق وقتاً أقل من ذلك المطلوب لالتقاط الصور بالطريقة التقليدية. و منه, سيكون من المفيد اقتراح منهجية للاستفادة من تسجيلات الفيديو كمصدر للصور اللازمة لتوليد النماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد. في هذه الدراسة سنختبر إمكانيات آلتي تصوير فيديو, واحدة تجارية مستقلة و أخرى مرفقة مع هاتف نقّال و ذلك من أجل اقتطاع الصور اللازمة لنمذجة عناصر ضخمة نسبياً. من الملاحظ أن دقة التمييز الهندسية للقطات المقطتعة من تسجيلات الفيديو باستخدام الهواتف النقالة أو التجارية المستقلة (مقارنةً بآلات الفيديو الاحترافية) هي أقل بكثير من دقة التمييز الخاصة بالتقاط الصور العادية. و بالتالي, فإن النماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد الناتجة من هذه القطات ستكون جيدة من أجل التطبيقات التي لا تتطلب دقةً عالية.
This research aims to explore the potential of low cost video camera for 3D modelling of large historical monuments. As we know, photos extraction is a fundamental issue in any photogrammetric project. In fact, cost and time are dependent on photo extraction method. Usually, photos are taken one by one assuring that every object point is on two photos at least. This operation is time consuming in large scenes modelling. In the other hand, video record is a simple operation and requires short time comparing to traditional photo shooting. Then, it will be useful to suggest an approach to use video recordings as a source of photos required for 3D modelling. In the present study, we will evaluate the capability of two video cameras. The first one is a commercial independent camera and the second is associated with a mobile phone in the extraction of photos required for 3D modelling of a relatively large objects. It should be noted that the resolution of video frames in mobile phone cameras (comparing to professional ones) is less than the resolution of ordinary photos. Hence, 3D models resulting using these frames will be good for applications that don’t require high precision.
References used
FORSTNER, W.,1999. 3-D City Models: Automatic and Semi-automatic Acquisition methods. Photogrammetric week, Wichmann, Karlsruhe. 1999
SINGH, SP; JAIN, K; MANDLA, V ,2013. Virtual 3D city modeling : Techniques and applications. International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information, Istanbul, Turkey. 2013
GRUEN, A. 1997.Fundamentals of videogrammetry—a review‖, Human movement science, Page- 155-187. 1997
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In close range photogrammetry, the required geometric data for object documentation can be obtained
from single photo or stereoscopic pairs of photos. But, the documentation of large historic monuments, the
stereo pair is not sufficient. So, we mus
t use many photos to cover the whole object. In this study, a new
approach for 3D modeling of historic monuments is presented. This one is the multi-images approach. It
takes the complicated geometric nature of object to be documented. This kind of modeling is one of most
important applications of close range photogrammetry. In this study the results the multi-images
approach is exposed by a practical example concerned a historic façade in Housn Souleman (Safita). We
used digital photos obtained by the digital camera Kodak 8MP. This camera has a good geometric
resolution suitable for precise documentation works. To achieve the modeling, some well known software
for documentation purposes were used.
During the past few years, new developments have occurred in the field of 3D photogrammetric modeling of historical monuments. One of these developments is the expansion of 3D photogrammetric modeling cost-effective licensed software, such as Agisoft
Metashape, into the practical and affordable world. This type of SfM (Structure from Motion) software offers the world of 3D modelling of cultural heritage a powerful tool for documentation and visualization. This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of a range of commercial SfM photogrammetry systems when applied in the 3D modeling of historical monuments. The monument to which these systems were applied is the principal façade of Safita Tower, a medieval structure in Safita, north-western Syria.. The applied photogrammetric systems consist of the Nikon Coolpix P100 10 MP digital camera, the commercial software Agisoft Metashape, 3DF Zephyr Aerial and Pix4D Mapper. The resulted 3D point clouds were compared with an available dense point cloud acquired by a laser scanner. This comparison proved that the low-cost SfM photogrammetry is an accurate methodology to 3D modeling historical monuments.
3D models of historical sites and monuments are very interesting in archaeology and digital tourism fields. These models help archeologists document historical sites and analyze the relationships between their components. Moreover, 3D models constitu
te an attractive factor that encourages visiting sites and presents virtual information about cultural heritage.
In this paper, we propose an approach that uses capabilities of CAD (Computer Aided Design) and GIS (Geographic Information System) systems to construct spatial and semantic database for historical sites and modeling them in 3D. Users of the mentioned database can use it to gather information about sites and to navigate across them via the animation capabilities in GIS.
The proposed ideas will be applied on the historical site of Ras-SHAMRA in Lattakia. Spatial data concerning the site will be acquired form a topographic plan designed in 2004. These data will then be processed and introduced into GIS environment. ArcGIS software will be used to achieve an Archeological Information System (AIS) for the site and to construct a 3D model of the site and the royal palace.
Culture heritage conservation is necessary to produce the initial technical documentation. This one
provides plans that help in using the best approaches to protect culture heritage. Images are considered as an
important source of data required to
achieve this documentation, where they can be used to extract semantic
and 2D-3D geometric data. In case of large planimetric objects, we can use the controlled mosaics as source
of these data.
In the present study, instead of using professional photogrammetric software, we propose an
alternative solution to document the large planimetric historical objects. This approach is based on producing
a mosaics from a group of digital rectified photos by using some capabilities of a GIS that are originally
applied to produce mosaics from overlapped maps. The produced mosaic well then be used as semantic and
geometric documentation source in this GIS. Geographic Information System facilitates largely the
conservation, development and renovation process of historical areas. To ensure the validity of the resulted
mosaics, we will compare it with a mosaics calculated from the same photos by using a professional
photogrammetric software.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) present one of the most important 3D modeling techniques of cities, which has become a very important and necessary for representing of contemporary cities, and doing different analyses, with the aim of finding so
lutions to the problems raised through a virtual model of reality. In addition, 3D GIS play an important role in urban planning. Despite the presence of a large number of programs capable of dealing with 3D objects, many of these applications require high technologies and advanced tools for the representation and analysis of 3D objects. The objects of 3D models represented in GIS can be associated with a set of queryable attributes, and this is not available in other 3D modeling software. This Research aims to highlight the importance of procedural 3D modeling of cities in GIS environment using ESRI CityEngine. A set of CGA (computer generated architecture) rules - programmed by procedural modeling language in CityEngine- will be presented to generate realistic 3D models that can represent all elements of cities and its infrastructure. Then, all the objects will be exported to a Web Scene viewer, which allows the creation a comprehensive platform to present a system to support decision-making, and facilitate project management related to the management of cities. The research methods will be applied to Tartous governorate through designing and modeling of proposed residential area. This study will include CGA rules applied to create a 3D model of proposed area, it will show the importance of GIS in modeling and representation of cities.
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