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Lidar Techniques and Applications in Detection of some Gaseous Pollutants (Review)

الليدار و استخداماته في الكشف عن بعض الملوثات الغازية (دراسة مرجعية)

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 Publication date 2003
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This review aims to show the techniques of lidar in atmospheric remote sensing, which can be utilized to draw three-dimensional maps of pollutants distribution over path lengths of the order of few kilometers. The detection limits achieve values of the order of ppb. This sensitivity and accuracy gives this method its superiority over all other physical and chemical methods of detection. Some details of this method are given for the following pollutants: NO, NO2 , SO 2, O3, HCl, C2H4, benzene and toluene, as well as atomic mercury. This work shows, for these pollutants, absorption wavelengths, differential cross sections and detection limits. In addition to dealing with the technical requirements and different designs of Lidar. On the other hand, this review study handles the characteristics of many laser sources used in lidar systems such as, Nd:YAG- laser, Dye- laser and others. Especially it concentrates on pulse energy, time duration, repetition rate and nonlinear crystals, used for frequency doubling, which broaden the working region of the lidar.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تستعرض هذه الورقة البحثية تقنيات الليدار في الاستشعار عن بعد الجوي، والتي يمكن استخدامها لرسم خرائط ثلاثية الأبعاد لتوزيع الملوثات على مسافات تصل إلى بضعة كيلومترات. تحقق حدود الكشف قيمًا تصل إلى جزء من البليون (ppb)، مما يمنح هذه الطريقة تفوقًا على جميع الطرق الفيزيائية والكيميائية الأخرى للكشف. تقدم الورقة تفاصيل حول هذه الطريقة لبعض الملوثات مثل NO، NO2، SO2، O3، HCI، C2H4، البنزين والتولوين، بالإضافة إلى الزئبق الذري. تناقش الورقة أيضًا المتطلبات التقنية والتصاميم المختلفة لنظام الليدار، بالإضافة إلى خصائص العديد من مصادر الليزر المستخدمة في أنظمة الليدار مثل ليزر Nd:YAG وليزر الصبغة. تركز الورقة بشكل خاص على طاقة النبضة، مدة الزمن، معدل التكرار والبلورات غير الخطية المستخدمة لمضاعفة التردد، مما يوسع نطاق عمل الليدار.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم الورقة مراجعة شاملة لتقنيات الليدار وتطبيقاتها في الكشف عن الملوثات الغازية، مما يساهم في فهم أعمق لهذه التقنيات. ومع ذلك، يمكن تحسين الورقة من خلال تضمين المزيد من الدراسات العملية والتطبيقات الواقعية لتقنيات الليدار في بيئات مختلفة. كما يمكن أن تكون الورقة أكثر فائدة إذا تم تضمين مقارنة مفصلة بين تقنيات الليدار والتقنيات الأخرى المستخدمة في الكشف عن الملوثات. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن تكون الورقة أكثر شمولية إذا تم تضمين تحليل للتحديات والقيود التي تواجه تقنيات الليدار في الكشف عن الملوثات.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الملوثات التي تم تناولها في الورقة؟

    تم تناول الملوثات التالية: NO، NO2، SO2، O3، HCI، C2H4، البنزين، التولوين، والزئبق الذري.

  2. ما هي المزايا التي تمنح تقنيات الليدار تفوقًا على الطرق الأخرى للكشف عن الملوثات؟

    تمنح تقنيات الليدار تفوقًا بسبب حساسيتها العالية ودقتها التي تصل إلى جزء من البليون (ppb)، مما يجعلها تتفوق على جميع الطرق الفيزيائية والكيميائية الأخرى للكشف.

  3. ما هي خصائص مصادر الليزر المستخدمة في أنظمة الليدار التي تم تناولها في الورقة؟

    تناولت الورقة خصائص مصادر الليزر مثل ليزر Nd:YAG وليزر الصبغة، وركزت على طاقة النبضة، مدة الزمن، معدل التكرار والبلورات غير الخطية المستخدمة لمضاعفة التردد.

  4. ما هي التطبيقات العملية لتقنيات الليدار التي يمكن أن تكون مفيدة في الكشف عن الملوثات؟

    يمكن استخدام تقنيات الليدار لرسم خرائط ثلاثية الأبعاد لتوزيع الملوثات على مسافات تصل إلى بضعة كيلومترات، مما يجعلها مفيدة في مراقبة جودة الهواء في المناطق الحضرية والصناعية، وكذلك في مراقبة الانبعاثات من المصادر الثابتة مثل محطات الطاقة والمصانع.


References used
Svanberg S. (1992) Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy: Basic concepts and Practical Applications, 2nd ed., Springer Ser. At. Plasmas, Vol. 6. Springer – Verlag, Heidelberg
Wolf, J. P., Köste, L. (1990) Remote detection of atmospheric pollutants using differential absorption Lidar technique. In Applied Laser Spectroscopy (W. Demtröder and M. Inguscio, Eds.), pp. 435 – 467 . Plenum, New York
Sigrist ed. M.W. (1994). Air Monitoring by Spectroscopic Techniques, John Wiely & Sons, Inc., New York
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