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Register a new userIdentification of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi isolated from myrtle plant (Myrtus communis ) in Syria
تعريف بكتريا Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi المعزولة من نبات الآس Myrtus communis في سورية
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محمود أبو غرة( باحث )
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تنتشر زراعة أشجار الزيتون في العديد من المناطق في سورية و لاسيما الرطبة، منها حيث ينتشر مرض سل الزيتون البكتيري Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. Savastanoi شوهدت على نبات الآس . التي تنمو تلقائيًا في بعض مناطق زراعة الزيتون أعراض مشابهة لأعراض مرض Myrtus communis سل الزيتون. هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة مسبب المرض على نباتات الآس و دوره في إحداث المرض على أشجار الزيتون. أظهرت دراسة الصفات المزرعية و البيوكيميائية و المصلية للعزلات البكتيرية المعزولة من الآس أنها مشابهة لصفات البكتريا المعزولة من الزيتون و المضيفات الأخرى. كما بينت دراسة القدرة الإمراضية أن البكتريا المعزولة من الآس قادرة على إحداث المرض على كل من الآس و الزيتون، و بذلك يعد الآس هو مضيف آخر لبكتريا P. savastanoi pv. Savastanoi و يمكن أن يكون مصدر عدوى لمرض سل الزيتون.
Olive trees are grown in many regions of Syria, especially in wet regions where the olive knot disease (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi ) prevails .Symptoms similar to those found on olive trees have been observed on myrtle shrubs (Myrtus communis) growing naturally in some olive-grown regions. This study aimed at identifying the pathogen isolated from myrtle plant, and testing the pathogenicity of these isolates on olive trees. Morphological, biochemical and serological tests of bacteria isolated from myrtle showed similarity to those from olive and other hosts. Pathogenicity tests showed that the myrtle isolates were pathogenic on both myrtle and olive trees. Myrtle could be considered as a source of inoculum for the olive knot disease.
References used
BRADBURY J. F., 1986. Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB International,Mycological Institute, 332P
BROWN N, A., 1932. Canker of ash trees produced by a variety of the olive – tubercle organism. Bacterium savastanoi. Jornal of Agricultural Research . Washington, D. C., 44, 702 – 722
GARDAN, L.; BOLLET, C.; ABU – GHORRAH, M.; GRIMONT, F. and GRIMONT P.A.D., 1992. DNA relatedness among the pathovar strains of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi. Janse (1982) and proposal of Pseudomonas savastanoi sp.nov. Int. J Syst. Bacteriol. , 42 , 606 – 612
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This research was carried out to determine the quantity of essential oil extracted
from myrtle Myrtus communis L leaves, by hydro distillation, and to identify the
major and minor components, besides to determine its quantities in the essential oil
by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS. The samples were collected
on November 2013 from eight different climatic locations (Aleppo, Zarzour, Alzenea,
Katra AL-Rayhan, Al- Rayhana, Kasab, Mashta al-Holou and Mosiaf). The
quantity and composition of the essential oil were estimated on the basis of the
leaves dry weight. Oil quantity varied between the studied genotypes from different
locations, which range from 0.46 to 0.55 ml, with non-significant differences.
Eighteen compounds were identified in myrtle essential oil, and there were
significant differences in 13 compounds. 1,8-Cineole performed the highest rate
(18.85%) compared with other components, followed by α-Pinene (16.93%). While
the lowest percentage was (0.31%) of Myrcene. The
Single nodes and axillary buds excised from adult trees of Myrtle (Myrtus
communis L.) grown in the field under natural conditions at Damascus
countryside (Ain Elfiegh) were used as primary explants, which were surfacedisinfected
by 70% Ethanol an
d Clorox containing 5.25 % Sodium Hypoclorite
with a drop of Tween 20 for different periods and concentrations before being
placed onto MS basal medium. Established cultures were then transferred onto
MS basal medium containing a combination of growth regulators at different
concentrations (BA at 2.22 and 4.44 μM) each with NAA at 0.54, 1.62, 5.4 μM
or 1.47 μM IBA with GA3 at 0.58 μM for all tratments. Multiplication rate of
12.8-fold was achieved every 4 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 4.44
μM BA with 1.47 μM IBA and GA3 at 0.58 μM.
Bioeffect of some Syrian Myrtus communis L. leaves extracts in growth of some pathogenic microorganisms, which were isolated from Al-Assad hospital laboratory in Lattakia, was tested by disc diffusion method. Results showed that cold and hot water ex
tracts have antibacterial activity against all Gram positive and negative bacteria, and pathogenic Candida albicans except Klebsiella pneumoniae. All organic extracts have antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris, Entrococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus albus.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens were affected by most of the organic extracts, and the most bioactivity was by methanol extract, and all inhibition zones of extracts were bigger than inhibition zones by control
antibiotics. Serratia marcescens and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were affected by methanol (with highest inhibition zone 37.33 and 27.33 mm respectively), ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts, but resistant to the others. Klebsiella pneumoniae affected by ethanol extract only with inhibition zone 20.33 mm.
Results of bioactivity according to a various solvents used in this study demonstrate that Syrian Myrtus communis L. leaves extracts have antimicrobial activity, so expected to be potential sources of natural antibacterial and antifungal products against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the future.
Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was screened from
15 samples of Syrian oily-soils to determine the ability to produce Lipase
enzyme by Cetermide Agar, Tributrin Agar and Brain Heart Broth during
2007-2008 AD. The results sho
wed that there were grown colonies with color of
green or yellow-green surrounded with different diameter of clear zone in three
samples and the identification by Mowasat Hospital revealed that it was
Pseudomonas aeruginosa In addition, the results showed that the optimum
conditions to produce lipase was 35 Cº with the pH degree of 8 and the time of
production of lipase with highest activity of 63.3% was three days in
submerged culture during the optimum conditions. These results illustrated the
important of this isolates to produce and control lipase for industrial
production.
Symptoms of soft rot showed in some fields cultivated with garlic crop in the
Kissweh region (Damascus countryside). Studying this disease, found that the
incidence rates ranging between 2.91% to 5.59%. 55 bacterial isolates were
isolated from inf
ected samples collected during the seasons 2005 and 2006. The
results of five biochemical tests showed that 22 isolates were pectinolitic and
they were pathogenic to garlic plant and gave symptoms similar to those
observed in the field, theses isolates were classified as belonging to the genus
Pectobacterium. To determine the species of the bacteria, they have been
characterized towards nine biochemical tests, which allowed the classification
of 7 isolates as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, 6 isolates
belonged to Pectobacterium atrosepticum, one isolate to Dickeya chrysanthemi
(Pectobacterium chrysanthemi), 6 isolates have not been classified and 2 isolate
did not characterized . These results have shown for the first time the isolation
and identification of the Pectobacterium bacteria causing soft rot on garlic crop
in Syria.
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