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Register a new userIdentification of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi isolated from myrtle plant (Myrtus communis ) in Syria
تعريف بكتريا Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi المعزولة من نبات الآس Myrtus communis في سورية
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محمود أبو غرة( باحث )
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تنتشر زراعة أشجار الزيتون في العديد من المناطق في سورية و لاسيما الرطبة، منها حيث ينتشر مرض سل الزيتون البكتيري Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. Savastanoi شوهدت على نبات الآس . التي تنمو تلقائيًا في بعض مناطق زراعة الزيتون أعراض مشابهة لأعراض مرض Myrtus communis سل الزيتون. هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة مسبب المرض على نباتات الآس و دوره في إحداث المرض على أشجار الزيتون. أظهرت دراسة الصفات المزرعية و البيوكيميائية و المصلية للعزلات البكتيرية المعزولة من الآس أنها مشابهة لصفات البكتريا المعزولة من الزيتون و المضيفات الأخرى. كما بينت دراسة القدرة الإمراضية أن البكتريا المعزولة من الآس قادرة على إحداث المرض على كل من الآس و الزيتون، و بذلك يعد الآس هو مضيف آخر لبكتريا P. savastanoi pv. Savastanoi و يمكن أن يكون مصدر عدوى لمرض سل الزيتون.
Olive trees are grown in many regions of Syria, especially in wet regions where the olive knot disease (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi ) prevails .Symptoms similar to those found on olive trees have been observed on myrtle shrubs (Myrtus communis) growing naturally in some olive-grown regions. This study aimed at identifying the pathogen isolated from myrtle plant, and testing the pathogenicity of these isolates on olive trees. Morphological, biochemical and serological tests of bacteria isolated from myrtle showed similarity to those from olive and other hosts. Pathogenicity tests showed that the myrtle isolates were pathogenic on both myrtle and olive trees. Myrtle could be considered as a source of inoculum for the olive knot disease.
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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة تحديد بكتيريا Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi المعزولة من نبات الآس (Myrtus communis) في سوريا. تُعرف هذه البكتيريا بأنها المسبب الرئيسي لمرض عقد الزيتون الذي ينتشر في مناطق زراعة الزيتون الرطبة في سوريا. لاحظ الباحثون أعراضًا مشابهة لتلك الموجودة على أشجار الزيتون على شجيرات الآس التي تنمو بشكل طبيعي في بعض المناطق المزروعة بالزيتون. هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد العامل الممرض المعزول من نبات الآس واختبار قدرته على إحداث المرض على أشجار الزيتون. أظهرت الاختبارات المورفولوجية والكيميائية الحيوية والمصلية للبكتيريا المعزولة من الآس تشابهًا مع تلك المعزولة من الزيتون والمضيفات الأخرى. أظهرت اختبارات الإمراضية أن عزلات الآس كانت ممرضة لكل من الآس وأشجار الزيتون، مما يشير إلى أن الآس يمكن اعتباره مصدرًا للعدوى بمرض عقد الزيتون.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة لأنها تسلط الضوء على مصدر جديد محتمل لمرض عقد الزيتون، وهو نبات الآس. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض النقد للدراسة. أولاً، كان من الأفضل توسيع نطاق الدراسة لتشمل مناطق جغرافية أخرى لضمان تعميم النتائج. ثانيًا، كان يمكن تقديم تفاصيل أكثر حول الإجراءات التجريبية لضمان إمكانية تكرار الدراسة من قبل باحثين آخرين. وأخيرًا، كان من الممكن تقديم تحليل أعمق للبيانات المصلية والبيوكيميائية لتعزيز قوة النتائج.
Questions related to the research
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ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة؟
الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة هو تحديد بكتيريا Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi المعزولة من نبات الآس واختبار قدرتها على إحداث المرض على أشجار الزيتون.
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ما هي الأعراض التي لوحظت على شجيرات الآس؟
لوحظت أعراض مشابهة لتلك الموجودة على أشجار الزيتون المصابة بمرض عقد الزيتون على شجيرات الآس.
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ما هي الاختبارات التي أجريت لتحديد البكتيريا؟
أجريت اختبارات مورفولوجية وكيميائية حيوية ومصلية لتحديد البكتيريا المعزولة من الآس.
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ما هي النتيجة الرئيسية التي توصلت إليها الدراسة؟
النتيجة الرئيسية هي أن عزلات الآس كانت ممرضة لكل من الآس وأشجار الزيتون، مما يشير إلى أن الآس يمكن اعتباره مصدرًا للعدوى بمرض عقد الزيتون.
References used
BRADBURY J. F., 1986. Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB International,Mycological Institute, 332P
BROWN N, A., 1932. Canker of ash trees produced by a variety of the olive – tubercle organism. Bacterium savastanoi. Jornal of Agricultural Research . Washington, D. C., 44, 702 – 722
GARDAN, L.; BOLLET, C.; ABU – GHORRAH, M.; GRIMONT, F. and GRIMONT P.A.D., 1992. DNA relatedness among the pathovar strains of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi. Janse (1982) and proposal of Pseudomonas savastanoi sp.nov. Int. J Syst. Bacteriol. , 42 , 606 – 612
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major and minor components, besides to determine its quantities in the essential oil
by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS. The samples were collected
on November 2013 from eight different climatic locations (Aleppo, Zarzour, Alzenea,
Katra AL-Rayhan, Al- Rayhana, Kasab, Mashta al-Holou and Mosiaf). The
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leaves dry weight. Oil quantity varied between the studied genotypes from different
locations, which range from 0.46 to 0.55 ml, with non-significant differences.
Eighteen compounds were identified in myrtle essential oil, and there were
significant differences in 13 compounds. 1,8-Cineole performed the highest rate
(18.85%) compared with other components, followed by α-Pinene (16.93%). While
the lowest percentage was (0.31%) of Myrcene. The
Single nodes and axillary buds excised from adult trees of Myrtle (Myrtus
communis L.) grown in the field under natural conditions at Damascus
countryside (Ain Elfiegh) were used as primary explants, which were surfacedisinfected
by 70% Ethanol an
d Clorox containing 5.25 % Sodium Hypoclorite
with a drop of Tween 20 for different periods and concentrations before being
placed onto MS basal medium. Established cultures were then transferred onto
MS basal medium containing a combination of growth regulators at different
concentrations (BA at 2.22 and 4.44 μM) each with NAA at 0.54, 1.62, 5.4 μM
or 1.47 μM IBA with GA3 at 0.58 μM for all tratments. Multiplication rate of
12.8-fold was achieved every 4 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 4.44
μM BA with 1.47 μM IBA and GA3 at 0.58 μM.
Bioeffect of some Syrian Myrtus communis L. leaves extracts in growth of some pathogenic microorganisms, which were isolated from Al-Assad hospital laboratory in Lattakia, was tested by disc diffusion method. Results showed that cold and hot water ex
tracts have antibacterial activity against all Gram positive and negative bacteria, and pathogenic Candida albicans except Klebsiella pneumoniae. All organic extracts have antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris, Entrococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus albus.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens were affected by most of the organic extracts, and the most bioactivity was by methanol extract, and all inhibition zones of extracts were bigger than inhibition zones by control
antibiotics. Serratia marcescens and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were affected by methanol (with highest inhibition zone 37.33 and 27.33 mm respectively), ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts, but resistant to the others. Klebsiella pneumoniae affected by ethanol extract only with inhibition zone 20.33 mm.
Results of bioactivity according to a various solvents used in this study demonstrate that Syrian Myrtus communis L. leaves extracts have antimicrobial activity, so expected to be potential sources of natural antibacterial and antifungal products against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the future.
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15 samples of Syrian oily-soils to determine the ability to produce Lipase
enzyme by Cetermide Agar, Tributrin Agar and Brain Heart Broth during
2007-2008 AD. The results sho
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samples and the identification by Mowasat Hospital revealed that it was
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conditions to produce lipase was 35 Cº with the pH degree of 8 and the time of
production of lipase with highest activity of 63.3% was three days in
submerged culture during the optimum conditions. These results illustrated the
important of this isolates to produce and control lipase for industrial
production.
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