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Register a new userAromatic Oil Composition of Myrtle Myrtus communis L. Leaves in Syria
تركيب الزيت العطري لأوراق نبات الآس الشائع Myrtus communis L. في سورية
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المجلة السورية للبحوث الزراعية ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2017
fields
Agricultural Engineering
and research's language is
العربية
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نفّذ هذا البحث لتحديد كمية الزيت العطري المستخلص من أوراق نبات الآس Myrtus communis L. باستخدام التقطير المائي و التعرف على التركيب الكيميائي للزيت العطري و مكوناته الرئيسيّة و الثانويّة، و تحديد كمياتها بواسطة جهاز الكرموتوغرافيا الغازي المرتبط بمطياف الكتلة GC-MS. جُمعت العينات في شهر تشرين الثاني/نوفمبر عام 2013 من ثمانية مواقع مختلفة في ظروفها المناخية (حلب، و زرزور، و الزعينية، و قطرة الريحان، و الريحانة، و كسب، و مشتى الحلو، و مصياف). قدّرت كميّة و تركيب الزيت على أساس الوزن الجاف للأوراق. اختلفت كمية الزيت بين الطرز المدروسة في المواقع المختلفة، حيث تراوحت ما بين (0.46-0.55 مل) دون أن يكون هناك فروق معنوية فيما بينها. تم التعرف على (18) مركباً من مكونات الزيت العطري للآس، و كانت هناك فروق معنوية في (13) مركّباً. تفوق مركب 1,8-Cineole بنسبة (18.85%) مقارنةً مع بقية المكونات، يليه مركبα-Pinene بنسبة (16.93%). بينما بلغت أقل نسبة لمركب Myrcene (0.31%).
This research was carried out to determine the quantity of essential oil extracted from myrtle Myrtus communis L leaves, by hydro distillation, and to identify the major and minor components, besides to determine its quantities in the essential oil by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS. The samples were collected on November 2013 from eight different climatic locations (Aleppo, Zarzour, Alzenea, Katra AL-Rayhan, Al- Rayhana, Kasab, Mashta al-Holou and Mosiaf). The quantity and composition of the essential oil were estimated on the basis of the leaves dry weight. Oil quantity varied between the studied genotypes from different locations, which range from 0.46 to 0.55 ml, with non-significant differences. Eighteen compounds were identified in myrtle essential oil, and there were significant differences in 13 compounds. 1,8-Cineole performed the highest rate (18.85%) compared with other components, followed by α-Pinene (16.93%). While the lowest percentage was (0.31%) of Myrcene. The
References used
Ahmed, M.; and Y. Vardar (1973). Distribution and Plasticity of Myrtus communis. Phyton (Austria). 15(1-2): 145-150
Aidi, W.; M. Baya; and M. Rahin (2008). GC comparative analysis of leaf essential oils from two myrtle varieties at different phenological stages chromatographia. 2009, 69: 45- 150
Al-Zuhaeri, A.M. (1982). Study of some chemical and pharmacological properties of Myrtus communis. Msc. thesis Baghdad, Iraq
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Single nodes and axillary buds excised from adult trees of Myrtle (Myrtus
communis L.) grown in the field under natural conditions at Damascus
countryside (Ain Elfiegh) were used as primary explants, which were surfacedisinfected
by 70% Ethanol an
d Clorox containing 5.25 % Sodium Hypoclorite
with a drop of Tween 20 for different periods and concentrations before being
placed onto MS basal medium. Established cultures were then transferred onto
MS basal medium containing a combination of growth regulators at different
concentrations (BA at 2.22 and 4.44 μM) each with NAA at 0.54, 1.62, 5.4 μM
or 1.47 μM IBA with GA3 at 0.58 μM for all tratments. Multiplication rate of
12.8-fold was achieved every 4 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 4.44
μM BA with 1.47 μM IBA and GA3 at 0.58 μM.
Olive trees are grown in many regions of Syria, especially in wet regions
where the olive knot disease (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi ) prevails
.Symptoms similar to those found on olive trees have been observed on myrtle
shrubs (Myrtus com
munis) growing naturally in some olive-grown regions. This
study aimed at identifying the pathogen isolated from myrtle plant, and testing
the pathogenicity of these isolates on olive trees. Morphological, biochemical
and serological tests of bacteria isolated from myrtle showed similarity to
those from olive and other hosts. Pathogenicity tests showed that the myrtle
isolates were pathogenic on both myrtle and olive trees. Myrtle could be
considered as a source of inoculum for the olive knot disease.
Bioeffect of some Syrian Myrtus communis L. leaves extracts in growth of some pathogenic microorganisms, which were isolated from Al-Assad hospital laboratory in Lattakia, was tested by disc diffusion method. Results showed that cold and hot water ex
tracts have antibacterial activity against all Gram positive and negative bacteria, and pathogenic Candida albicans except Klebsiella pneumoniae. All organic extracts have antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris, Entrococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus albus.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens were affected by most of the organic extracts, and the most bioactivity was by methanol extract, and all inhibition zones of extracts were bigger than inhibition zones by control
antibiotics. Serratia marcescens and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were affected by methanol (with highest inhibition zone 37.33 and 27.33 mm respectively), ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts, but resistant to the others. Klebsiella pneumoniae affected by ethanol extract only with inhibition zone 20.33 mm.
Results of bioactivity according to a various solvents used in this study demonstrate that Syrian Myrtus communis L. leaves extracts have antimicrobial activity, so expected to be potential sources of natural antibacterial and antifungal products against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the future.
In October 2014, the collected air-green samples of Basil herb were gathered from the region of MashtaAlhulu in the ,Then the volatile oil from fresh samples was extracted with N-Hexane and other samples with steam distilled water, and we have found
the percentage of the volatile oil in the first sample (N-Hexane) is 2,7% , and 2,5% in the second sample (steam distilled water). Suitable conditions were chosen to separate the components of the volatile oil by GC-MS and we noticed : - the first sample (extracted with N-hexane) contain 18 compounds, and they are: Six Terpenes compounds and they form 21.22%,Hydrocarbon compounds form 21.8% from the total weight and they are 7 compounds, and one compound from Ketone class dicycle and its percentage is 2.32%,and two Ester compound and they form 18.96%, One phenolic compound and forms 21.60%, one Ether compound and forms 14.08%. -the volatile oil from the second sample (extracted with steam distilled water) contains 11 compounds, and they are: 6 compounds belong to Hydrocarbon class and they are the main components in the volatile oil with a 91.24% of the oil total weight, One compoundfrom Ether class forms 1.62%, one phenolic compound which forms 3.93%, and three Terpenes compounds and they form 3.17%.
Chemical composition of the essential oil of the aerial parts of Artemisia
vulgaris L. (Asteracea), grown in Syria was determined by GC/MS. The oil
obtained by hydrodistillation, was found to contain 55 components, accounting
for 98.82 %.
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