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Register a new userHeritability Estimations and Heterosis of Total Soluble Solids in Tomato, (Lycopersicon esculentumMill)
تقدير درجة التوريث و قوة الهجين للمواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية في ثمار البندورة
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2004
fields
Groves
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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نفذت هذه الدراسة على صنفين من البندورة هما (بيرسن) و (سيلكت) بعد إجراء التلقيح الذاتي لهمـا لأكثر من جيلين، و تم التهجين بينهما للحصول على الجيل الأول F1 الذي أعيـد تلقيحـه مـع الأبـوين للحصول على الجيل الرجعي الأول للأب الأول و الثاني BCP2 , BCP1 . تم الحصول كذلك علـى الجيـل الثاني. زرعت هذه التراكيب الوراثية داخل الصوبة الزجاجية التابعة لقسم البـساتين و الغابـات – كليـة الزراعة – جامعة صنعاء، بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة بخمسة مكررات. استمر هذا البحث خـلال الأعوام 2000 و 2001 و 2002 بهدف الحصول على المعلومات الوراثية لصفة نـسبة المـواد الـصلبة الذائبة الكلية في ثمار البندورة لتحديد نوع تأثير الأفعال الجينية التي تتحكم بتوريث هذه الـصفة إضـافة إلى قوة الهجين و درجة السيادة و نسبتي التوريث بالمعنى الواسع و الضيق، و كذلك تدهور الصفة النـاجم عن التربية الداخلية في الجيل الثاني و من ثم بيان طريقة مناسبة في التحسين الوراثي لهذه الصفة. أوضحت النتائج أن قوة الهجين في الجيل الأول بناء على متوسط الأبوين بلغت 941.7 % في حـين أنها بلغت نسبةً إلى معدل أعلى الأبوين 21.2 % - و كانت قيمة درجة السيادة أقل من الواحد الصحيح أي باتجاه السيادة الجزئية. و كان تباين الفعل الجيني المضاف أعلى من تباين الأثـر التراكمـي للمورثـات، و انعكس ذلك على نسبة التوريث بالمعنى الضيق إذ بلغت 391.81 % و عليـه يمكـن ممارسـة طريقـة الانتخاب و التهجين في تربية صفة نسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية و تحسينها. كما بلغت نسبة التـدهور في التربية الداخلية في الجيل الثاني 821.15%.
This study was conducted in a green house at the Faculty of Agriculture Sana'a University, during 2000-2001 and 2002 growing season. The objective of the study was to obtain a genetic information on total soluble solids in the tomato fruits in order to estimate the gene action effects, which control inheritance, heterosis, degree of dominance and heritability in term of broad sense and narrow sense, as will as, reduction inbreeding depression in F2, for understanding the suitable method for genetic improvement of quality. Two tomato cultivars were used for genetic screening and cross breeding for F1 hybrid production. F1 was cross bred with the parents for getting back cross P1 and P2. Also, F2 was obtained. The results revealed, the heterosis in F1 based on average of mid parents was 7.94% as compared with average of higher parents (-2.21%). The degree of dominance was less than 1.0, which indicate partial dominance, additive gene action variance was higher than the non additive gene action variance which reflected on the narrow sense heritability (h2 n.s), that reached 81.37%. The reduction in inbreeding depression in F2 reached 15.82%. The overall results indicated that, selection and hybridization methods seem to be a good method for improving quality of total soluble solids in tomato.
References used
Allard, R. W. 1960. Principles of plant breeding. John wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, U. S. A., pp. 485
Antonio, I. D.; W. D. Vicente; D. C. Cosme, and F. T. Jose. 1997. Effeciency in predicting tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum.) hybrid behaviour based on parents genetic divergence. Revista Ceres. 44: (253): 286 - 299
Govindarasu, P.; C. R. Muthukrishnan, and I. Irulappan. 1981. Combining ability for yield and its components in tomato. Scientia Horticulturae. 14: 126-130
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This study was carried out through the cooperation between Faculty of
Agricultural Damascus University and General Commission of Agricultural
Scientific Researches in Karahta station of field crops researches during 2010-
2011 and 2011-2012 succes
sive seasons. Four hybrids of durum wheat namely
(Duma1*Sauady), (Buhuth9*Q88), (Sham7*Q130) and (Horaney*Q131) were
evaluated to estimate heritability, genetic advance, heterosis and inbreeding
depression for days to heading ,grain filing period, plant height, number of
spikes per plant, and number of grains per plant. The mean average for all
these traits revealed highly significant differences among crosses. Low in
protein content trait (23-69%), medium in grain yield per plant (38-70) and
high heritability in thousand kernel weight (62-81%) were found. All hybrids
showed the highest for both mid and better parents heterosis for protein
content and gluten traits. High heritability was accompanied by high genetic
advance for thousand kernel weight. Low heritability was coupled with low
genetic advance for grain yield per plant, protein content and gluten. However,
greater magnitude of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance in some
traits provided that these parameters were under the control of additive genetic
effects. This indicates that selection should lead to fast genetic improvement of
the material. Moreover, the high genetic correlations for most of the traits,
suggested a strong inherent association among these traits at the genetic level.
Thus these traits deserve better attention in future breeding programs for
evolving better wheat in stress environments.
The research was conducted at Al-Jmmaseh station – the Agricultural Research Center in Tartous- to estimate heterosis, combining ability of yield and some fruit traits. Fifteen hybrids were produced by half diallel crossing method in 2013. These
were evaluated in 2014. Most hybrids were characterized by highly significant heterosis values for all the studied traits compared with mid parents and better parents. Heterosis reached (87.76, 50.13)% for yield per plant, (71.44, 43.09)% for average of fruit weight, (19.67, 12.31)% for fruit length, (38.21, 21.43)% for fruit diameter, and (32.5, 20.46)% for number of locules per fruit in comparison with mid parents and better parents respectively.
The best hybrids were: (Ou×H) (Ou×W) (Or×H) and maybe they could be promising hybrids if they had superiority in other important traits. Variance due to general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all traits. This ensured that both types of genetic action (additive and non-additive) controlled the inheritance of these traits. σ2GCA/σ2SCA ratio of the additive genetic action overcame the one of non-additive cation in these traits: number of locules per fruit, average of fruit weight and fruit diameter, while the non-additive genetic action was superior in fruit length and total yield.
The experiment was grown in a Randomized Complete Blocks
Design with three replications, to estimate the heterosis, degree of
dominance and the inbreeding depression of three hybrids of maize.
This study was carried out during 2010-2011 growing seasons at the
Maize Researches Department (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus. To estimate
heterosis for number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter, 100- kernel
weight, and grain yield.
This study was carried out through the cooperation between the Faculty of
Agriculture Tishreen University and the General Commission of Agricultural Scientific
Researches in Hama during 2013 and 2014 successive seasons.
Eight soft wheat(Triticumae
stivum)genotypes were crossed using half diallel method
.The(28) crosses were grown along with their parents in randomized complete block with
three replications to estimate general combiningability , specific combining ability, and
both mid and high parent heterosis for number of spikes /plant , number of grains /spike ,
thousand grain weight and grain yield.
The results indicated that both additive and non- additive types of gene action were
important in the inheritance of traits under study with preponderance of additive gene
effects for number of grains /spike and thousand grain weight,Non – additive gene effects
were pronounced in the inheritance of number of spikes /plant and grain yield.
High general combiners for thesecharacters were obtained and the most important
parents were: Bohouth 4- Douma 44828-Acsad1115- Golan2.
Many positive specific combiners having both mid and high parent heterosis and
derived from positive general combiners were obtained such as(Golan2×Cham10) –
(Acsad1115×Douma4)(Douma44828×Golan2) and (Douma 2×Golan2).
Results also indicated that some hybrids: (Douma44828×Golan2) (Bohouth6×Douma4)
(Douma44828×Cham10) (Douma2×Acsad1115) had heterosis compared to higher parent
for number of spikes /plant , number of grains / spike , Thousand grain weight and grain
yield..
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