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Register a new userSurprise and Breaking the Horizon of Expectations (Ziad Bin Abeeh's Speech in Al-Basra as an Applied Model)
المفاجأة و كسر أفق التوقع (خطبة زياد بن أبيه في البصرة أنموذجاً تطبيقيّاً)
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يقدِّم البحث في مقاربته هذه مجموعة من المحاولات لبيان مفهوم "المفاجأة و كسر أفق التوقُّع", و آليَّة تطبيقها على نصٍّ تاريخيٍّ غير ذي صلة مباشرة بالنظريات اللسانيَّة الحديثة, و هو "خطبة زياد بن أبيه في البصرة أنموذجاً تطبيقياً". و غير خاف انتماء كلٍّ من جانبي المقولة النظريِّ و التطبيقيِّ إلى حقلين معرفيَّين يختلف كل منهما عن الآخر اختلافاً كبيراً. نلحظ هذا المفهوم عند زياد بن أبيه في أوَّل كلمةٍ باشر فيها خطبته, حيث أغفل البدء بالبسملة, متجاوزاً ما هو متعارف عليه في افتتاحيَّات الخطب, كأنَّه يتابع نصّاً أو فعلاً كلاميّاً سابقاً, و هنا يبدأ الجانب التطبيقيُّ برصد مفاهيم التوقُّع و كسر أفقه في الخطبة, بناءً على معطيات يقدِّمها علم اللغة, و اللسانيات الحديثة في نظرية التلقِّي, و التداوليَّة, عبر مفاهيم الاستدلال و البرهنة و الحجاج, و الفعل الكلامي و القصديَّة و سواها, و كيف يربط التحليل النصيُّ بين مدلولات هذه المفاهيم في البنية اللغويَّة النصيَّة, و علاقتها بكسر أفق التوقُّع و مدى تأثيرها في الفعل الخطابي, و الفعل الناتج منه. و لعلَّ المنهج التداوليَّ يكون أمثل المناهج في مقاربة خطبة زياد و تحليلها, و معرفة آثارها في المتلقِّي, بوصفه علماً يدرس اللغة في سياق الاستعمال.
This research paper presents a number of attempts in order to clarify the concept of "surprise and breaking the horizon of expectations" .It also tends to present the mechanism for applying this concept to the historical text which is not directly realated to the modern theories of linguistics. It's very clear that both sides of the concept the theoretical side, and the partical one in Ziad Bin Abeeh's speech in AL-Basra as an applied model, belong to two totally different fields of knowledge. We notice this concept with Ziad Bin Abeeh's at the very first word of his speech, where he overlooked starting with the Basemla, overriding, Thus, the protocols of discourse openings , as if he were proceeding a text or a precedent act of speech. At this particular point, the practical side begins to observe the concept of expectation in speech based on the data introduced in modern linguistics in reception theory and pragmatics through the concepts of inference and reasoning , and the act of speech and intentionality, etc..In addition to that, the textual analysis connects the implications of these concepts within the linguistic textual structure, and its relation with breaking the horizon of expectation, and to what extent it affects , the discourse act and its resulting act. Thus, pragmaticcs, which is the branch of linguistics dealing with language in use seem to be the best approach to the analysis of Ziad's speech and figuring out its effects on the recipient.
References used
أرسطو طاليس. الخطابة, تحقيق عبد الرحمن بدوي, دار القلم, بيروت, لبنان, د.ط, 1979.
بشرى موسى صالح. نظرية التلقي أصول و تطبيقات, المركز الثقافي العربي, الدار لبيضاء, 2001.
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The research presents is an attempt to study the Techniques and tactics of speech
which convince the receiver of its notions and ideas so that he takes them for granted then
it applies them to a historical text which is "the speech of Abullah Ibn Y
ehia, Head of
Ibadyyeh when ruling Yemen". the research also attempts to make a compromise clarifying
both sides of the saying : the theoretical and the practical alongside the tacticse utilized in
persuasion.
The orator\ speaker begins with emotional usages emanated from tribal thoughts that
both the receiver and the sender embrace taking them from Islamic law principles which
evoke fear in the Muslim receiver as they are ready-made arguments. Then they display
emotional mental ones that refrain from grabbing the attention of the receiver but make
him aware of the disappearance of classes' differences with the sender. This happens in
instructional strategies that enabled him to have an impact upon the receiver knowing his
intentions and aim via some data of pragmatic linguistics which rely on argumentation,
verbal acts and subtle expressionistic styles deployed in this same context.
This pragmatic might be the best when it comes to studying his speech, analyzing it,
then unraveling its tools of persuasion taking into account that is a science that studies
language in context.
The research attempts to compromise a linguistic case to be understand able it’s the
theory in phase the formation, and it is the detection hangs in about the image which
appeared in its personality of the oratorical self, the transformations which
occurred on it,
and their application mechanism to a linguistic text which is the speech of AL- HASAN
Ibn ALI Ibn ABI TALEB In Sabatt.
Moreover, The research attempts to set up a compromise that clarifies both sides of
saying: theoretical and practical, so the research to importance indicated the rhetoric in
describing its industry, and seeks to attracting the addresses "receivers" and the impacting
and persuading them, and explain the components of the communication process, and
illustrated the manifestations of the ethos, started with the advanced ethos that pertains to
the person speaking, and through the oratorical ethos, it is the image that the speech
producer tried to construct in the text, to reach the image of the self was formed after the
end of the discourse, which proposed usher naming the post-rhetorical ethos, and how the
recipient rebelled against the preacher when the third verb of the speech act was achieved.
The analytical descriptive and method might sound the perfect way via which one
can get to the speech of AL- HASAN Ibn ALI, analysis of procedural processes in the
study of linguistic phenomena after determining their scope time and environment, and
detecting shifts in the image of the discourse product "ethos" .
The combination of the rhetoric and poetry formed a prominent phenomenon at the
dissenter poets in the Umayyad era, so their effects showed in their poetry which was
characterized with a clear rhetoric. One of the most prominent dissenter poets is
Qatari Bn
Al-Fojaa; imam Al-Azarika and their orator and poet whose poetry come enveloped with
evidences and the methods of convincing between explanation and detailing to
improvement and disfigurement. Everything is intervened by Koranic quotes which help to
stabilize the cogency and the strengthening of its persuasion.
Qatari tend to use the method of the scenic Moqabala whether on the level of the
single verse or on the level of the whole poem. This helps to return the imaginative side to
his poetry and the lessening of the domination of the rhetorical tendency on it, as well as
what this style achieves in marking time between the poetic meanings and rhetorical
meanings to get the self-comfort which guarantees the perfection of the respond.
The poems of male flirtation formed a great part in the volume of poetry .
There were a lot of motivation that illuminated it's roots , and the most important types of
these motives are the psychological and artistic motives that is represented in
the love of
some poets for slaves and fliratating of them . Some of the poets ran after beauty and
embodying it where ever it was .
The social motive which contributed in pubuLarising and spreading it largely , Among
different groups of Andolesian people . Ibn Al-buni was .
One of the most important poet who devoted most of his poems for that purpose .
Ibn Albuni " is slaves lover " as he was described by people in his time . He talked to us in
his poems " The male " a bout real facts and lived events .
This research aims at studying three poems written by Almu’tamed
Bin Abad when he was in a prison. It studies the role of language and
music in building the structure of the poems. Both language and music
reflect an agreement between the form and
the content of these poems. As
a result, a poetic sense of the poems, that Abn Abad written when he was
jailed, can be perceived clearly. These poems were chosen this because
they are different from other content in the other poems which reflect
experiment of poet
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