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Register a new userEstimation of statistical genetic parameters and heritability for oil, protein and yield traits in soybean hybrids (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
تقدير المعايير الوراثية و درجة التوريث لصفات الزيت و البروتين و الغلة في هجن من فول الصويا
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2013
fields
Field Crops
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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أُجريت الدراسة في محطة بحوث واحد أيار التابعة للهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية في دمشق، خلال الموسمين 2011 و 2012 ، بهدف دراسة طبيعة الفعل المورث و درجة التوريـث و معـاملي التبـاين المظهري و الوراثي و التقدم الوراثي لهجينين من فول الصويا. زرعت العشائر النباتية الخمس لكل هجـين (P1 ،P2 ،F1 ،F2 ،F3) في تجربة بتصميم القطاعات الكاملة العشوائية في ثلاثة مكررات بهدف تقييمهـا بالنسبة لصفات: نسبة الزيت و نسبة البروتين و الغلة البذرية. و قد أظهرت نتائج تحليـل التبـاين وجـود فروق معنوية (p > 05.0) بين عشائر كل هجين لكل الصفات المدروسة. و حقق الهجين الثـاني أعلـى قيمة لدرجة التوريث بالمعنيين الواسع و الضيق (66 % 44 %) لمحتوى البروتين. و في صفة غلة النبـات الفردي بلغت أعلى قيم للتباين المظهري و الوراثي (03.18 ،30.17) على الترتيب في الهجـين الثـاني، و حقق الهجين الثاني أعلى قيمة لدرجة التقدم الوراثي المتوقع بالانتخاب 09.11 % أخذ الفعل المورث التفوقي من النمط سيادي × سيادي (l) القيمة الأعلى في معظم الهجن مـن حيـث الأهمية في التحكم بوراثة الصفات المدروسة كلها في كلا الهجينين، ما يشير إلى أهميـة الانتخـاب فـي الأجيال الانعزالية المتأخرة لتحسين هذه الصفات، و هذا ما أكدته قيم معامل التوريث العالية التي ترافقـت مع تقدم وراثي متوسط و منخفض في الهجينين.
The present study was conducted at the First of May Station belongs to the General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) at Damascus during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons to estimate gene action, heritability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variations (GCV, PCV) and genetic advance for two crosses of soybean. The five population (P1, P2, F1, F2, F3) of each cross were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in order to evaluate oil and protein contents and seed yield traits. Results of mean square analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) among mean values of the five populations for all studied traits between the populations of each cross. The second cross achieved high broad and narrow sense heritability (66%, 44%) for protein content, high value of phenotypic and genotypic variations in seed yield in the second cross achieved (18.03,17.30) and high value of expected genetic advance was obtained 11.09%. In most traits, epistasis of the dominance × dominance type of gene action occupied the first rank in order of importance in controlling inheritance of the evaluate traits in both crosses indicating the importance of selection in late segregating generations to improve these traits. These findings are supported by high values of heritability, which was related with low to moderate expected genetic advance in two crosses.
References used
Allard, R. W. 1960. Principles of plant breeding. New York, John Wiley, PP. 485
Aravind, G.2006. Genetic Variability and Diversity Studies in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] .PhD. thesis. College of Agriculture، Dharwad University of Agricultural Sciences
Barona, M. A. A., J. M C. Filho, V. S. Santos and I. O. Geraldi. 2012. Epistatic effects on grain yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 12: 231-236
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This research has been carried out at the experimental Station of
Agriculture Faculty, Damascus University during the period of 1998-2000. Five
parents were selected from the Cotton Office Germplasm (Aleppo40, Raqua5,
Dir22, Daltabain50, 88G6104)
to examine the inheritance of some
morphophysiological, yield, and quality related traits. In1998, the five parents
were hand-crossed in all combinations (with no reciprocals) generating ten F1
hybrids. During 1999, the ten crosses and their parents were planted to produce
F2 seeds. In 2000 the F1s, F2s, and their parents were grown in a randomized
complete block design with two replications.
Heritability estimates in broad sense showed that the earliness traits possess
the highest values, followed by total and actual bolls number, indicating the
importance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Whereas,
heritability values for other traits were markedly different, revealing the
genetic diversity of these hybrids parents.
High estimates of expected genetic advance were found to be associated with
high heritability estimates for total and actual bolls number, indicating that
direct selection should be effective for these traits. On the other hand,
improvement of traits, possessing intermediate estimates of genetic advance
and high heritability estimates, such as total bolls number, harvest index,
flowering earliness and fiber elongation in some studied hybrids, through direct
selection might be less effective. The results suggest that traits with high
heritability estimates associated with low estimates of genetic advance; and
those possess intermediate estimates of heritability and genetic advance or low
estimates of both parameters are most likely controlled by non-additive genes,
therefor, direct selection might not be effective for improving these traits.
The experiment was grown in a Randomized Complete Blocks
Design with three replications during two seasons. Generations
means analysis method was used to study the genetic parameters for number of days to heading, number of days to maturity, plant
height, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike and grain yield per plant of two bread wheat crosses Triticum aestivum L. (Gairwel7 x Douma4), (Azaz1 x Soued), Results have shown that
both additive and dominance genetic effects were high significant in most evaluated traits, with predominance of the dominance genetic effects’ values. Also, epistatic genetic effects have contributed to inheritance of most studied traits. The signs of dominance and dominance x dominance were opposite in most examined traits indicating duplicate epistasis for all studied traits of the first cross and for number of days to maturity, plant height and number of grains per spike of the second cross, that indicates that the selection for these traits should be delayed after several generations. High phenotypic variations were composed of high genotypic variations and less of environmental variations, indicating the presence of high genetic variability for different traits and less influence of environment. Highly significant heterosis relative to mid and better parents in F1 was recorded for most characters, accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits in
F2. Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most cases due to the dominant of non-additive genetic action in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits.
This study was carried out through the cooperation between Faculty of
Agricultural Damascus University and General Commission of Agricultural
Scientific Researches in Karahta station of field crops researches during 2010-
2011 and 2011-2012 succes
sive seasons. Four hybrids of durum wheat namely
(Duma1*Sauady), (Buhuth9*Q88), (Sham7*Q130) and (Horaney*Q131) were
evaluated to estimate heritability, genetic advance, heterosis and inbreeding
depression for days to heading ,grain filing period, plant height, number of
spikes per plant, and number of grains per plant. The mean average for all
these traits revealed highly significant differences among crosses. Low in
protein content trait (23-69%), medium in grain yield per plant (38-70) and
high heritability in thousand kernel weight (62-81%) were found. All hybrids
showed the highest for both mid and better parents heterosis for protein
content and gluten traits. High heritability was accompanied by high genetic
advance for thousand kernel weight. Low heritability was coupled with low
genetic advance for grain yield per plant, protein content and gluten. However,
greater magnitude of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance in some
traits provided that these parameters were under the control of additive genetic
effects. This indicates that selection should lead to fast genetic improvement of
the material. Moreover, the high genetic correlations for most of the traits,
suggested a strong inherent association among these traits at the genetic level.
Thus these traits deserve better attention in future breeding programs for
evolving better wheat in stress environments.
The Experiment was conducted during the successive growing
seasons (2013/2014- 2014/2015) where half–diallel hybridization was
conducted between eight genotypes of bread wheat.
The objective of this study is to compare the effect of five different Nacl
concentration (0,50,100,150,200 mM) on seeds germination and seedling growth of two
cultivars of soybean (sb-44,sb-172).
Seeds were germinated in petri dishes with sterile
filter paper moistened with 10 ml
of test solution at 25 c˚ in dark .
The obtained results showed that germination percentage , length of root and
hypocotyl were decreased with the increase of the Nacl concentration in the medium. The
best values was from cultivar sb-44 .
After seven days of incubation , significant differences were observed between
control and treated seeds .
Germinated seeds were subcultured on basal Murashige and Skoog medium solid at
the same Nacl concentration . The roots growth was mor affected by 200 mM Nacl
compared to seedling growth .
Plantlets were transfered into pots with nutrient soil , irrigated with saline water and
were adapted at laboratory . we obtained good plants grew to maturity in 10- 12 weeks .
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