Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userFrustration The Works & It's Atonement At Almutazela
إحباط الأعمال و تكفيرها عند المعتزلة
1679
2 38
0
(
0
)
Authors
علي صافي( باحث )
Created by
Shamra Editor
Ask ChatGPT about the research
نتناول في هذا البحث مسألة ترتبط ارتباطاً وثيقاً بأصلين من أصول الاعتزال و هما: أصل العدل و أصل الوعد و الوعيد، و هي مسألة إحباط الأعمال أو إسقاطها؛ أي المعيار الذي تحسب به قيمة أعمال الإنسان. و المشكلة تتمحور حول الرؤية الاعتزالية لحساب الحسنات و السيئات بالمقارنة مع موقف الخصوم من أشاعرة و إمامية. و يتألف هذا البحث من مقدمة و خاتمة و ستة أقسام أساسية، و أول هذه الأقسام هو المعنى اللغوي و الاصطلاحي للإحباط و التكفير. ففي اللغة نجد أن المفهومين يعنيان الإسقاط؛ أي عدم اعتبار أو حساب السيئات أو الحسنات. و لنفس المعنى تقريباً ينتهي المفهوم الاصطلاحي. أما القسم الثاني: فهو تناول المشكلة عند المعتزلة،حيث يتبلوّر موقفين داخل المعتزلة، يمثلهما أولاً: أبو علي الجبائي، الذي قال بالإحباط و التكفير بالمعنى المحض، أما الموقف الثاني: فيمثله أبو هاشم الجبائي، الذي انتهى إلى الموازنة بين الثواب و العقاب، فتغلب كفة الأرجح، بعد اقتطاع ما يعادله من الأقل رجحاناً. و تناولت بالقسم الثالث و الرابع أدلة المعتزلة العقلية و النقلية على الإحباط و التكفير، و أدلة الخصوم على نفى الموضوع، بالمعنى الذي ذهب إليه المعتزلة. و في الخاتمة قدمت مجموعة من النتائج العامة التي توصلت لها.
We concentrate in this research on a question which relates the two principles: justice & ( the promise & warning) , which is the question of frustration of work & falling it , it means a measure of human works value . The problem focus on the retires view for the interest of (Favors & Bad works ) through comparison of liabilities positions of ( Ashaera & Imamiah ). This research consist of : Introduction , conclusion & six main parts . The first part is the terminological meaning of (Frustration &Penance) , those concepts mean falling . The second part : discusses the problem in Almutazela's thought , within two positions : the first one is the position of (Abu Ali Aljeba'ee) who said in frustration& penance with the pure sense . The second position is the position of (Abu Hashem Aljeba'ee) how compares between the two meanings : ( Reward & Punishment ) , and the victories of the most a preponderance in comparison of the lowest preponderance . The Third & Forth part concentrates on Almutazela intellect & transportism evidences on the frustration and atonement and the evidences of the liabilities on the same question .
References used
ابن منظور: لسان العرب، ج 1، مادة (حبط) دار المعارف، القاهرة.
الإيجي:عبد الرحمن بن أحمد، المواقف في علم الكلام، عالم الكتاب، بيروت .
rate research
Read More
In Mohammad Abed Al- Jaberi's point of view, heritage needs an
epistemological reading, that requires digging in its depth to rebuild it,
reform it, and reconnect with it.
Therefore, Jaberi's epistemological reading is based on his
conviction tha
t renewing the Arabic thinking and criticizing the Arabic
mind can't be done only by the invitation to using new methods and
explaining them, but also needs to be logically used in the study of our
heritage and analyzed in a way that suits this usage-
Form this point, the new method that depends on examining the
texts of heritage that was inspired from the postmodernists European
method in reading the text and then going beyond that to reestablishing it
was a great victory for the scientific spirit and a setting for the dialogue
morals.
Al-Wahidi is one of the greatest syntactic critics who have explained al-Mutanabbi's Anthology. His explanation contains concepts, and syntactic and critical opinions that deserve study and scrutiny. Al-Mutanabbi's poetry stands as a fertile domain f
or syntractic
criticism as is apparent in the critical arena over his poetry. Through his syntactic judgement, al-Wahidi attempts to support a doctrine, oppose some point of view, elaborate on what violates a proposed principle, or uncover a certain problematic issue somewhere in
al-Mutanabbi's poetry; specially when disagreement among critics' opinions appears, and dissimilarity among their doctrines and approaches materialises. Poetry was and is still one
significant source to formulate the syntactic structure, even if it witnessed some unstability due to narrators' uncertainties, and imprecision of transference. So, narratives and narrators
of poetry have varied, which has consequently created an obvious phenomenon that requires research, and study of the effect that may have on the syntactic rules. This is because syntax is one fundamental aspect of the culture of those interested in the literatry
exegeses. This study comes to focus on one essential aspect of syntactic criticism that is already applied to al-Mutanabbi's poetry.
The research study was based on an important issue of Alakeda: the exploration of
Almutazela’s standpoint of Allah’s attributes. This study was divided into: A
preface, an introduction, and three issues. In the Introduction Chapter, the concept
of
Almutazela was defined. The first issue was related to the Ayats of the attributes
and the standpoint of the Alsalaf and Almutazela. The second issue included the
rationale provided by Almutazela and the response to it. The third issue involved
samples of Almutazela’s and the reply to them by providing solid mental and
transmission evidence. The key findings of the study are of particular importance to
every Muslim. One of these key findings is that Almutazela’s perspective in relation
to Allah’s attributes opposed Sahaba’s approach and their Tab’een as well as their
followers because they wanted to separate the Creator from the saying of the
representation and embodiment. As a result, they made a grave mistake represented
by saying to hinder. Yet, they preferred the mind rather than the transmission
(Quran) and regarded the mental evidence as the actual key. They interpreted the
texts of the Holy Quran in an allegorical and metaphorical way with particular
reference to Allah’s attributes. With regard to Alsuna, Almutazela ignored Alahad’s
Ahadeeth in so many issues of Alakeda, including the Ahadeeth related to Allah’s
qualities. Almutazela were skeptical of the tellers of Allah’s qualities, claiming that
such qualities did not benefit certainty. Almutazela recognized the group Hadeeth
but they put the mental evidence first. Therefore, they rejected several Hadeeths,
such as those related to intercession and Allah’s vision and others. Consequently,
Almutazela’s doctrine and Alakeda were severely criticized by providing mental and
transmission (Quran) evidence throughout many years, especially by the scientists of
Alsunha and Aljamaha. The main reason behind criticizing Almutazela is that they
affected Aluma’s unity negatively in Alakeda. Thus, Almutazela’s thinking remained
a major obstacle against the intellectual harmony in Alakeda. This is the abstract of
the research study. This effort is made by the humble, asking Allah to make it useful
and fruitful. God bless our work!.
Religion has been one of the most important phenomena of human culture, which has
gained the deep attention of Nietzsche. In view of this, our research has sought to delve
into the depth of the Nietzsche’s critique of religion, which seeks to revea
l the source or
origin of the religion and the extent of its stiffness or Triviality. The interpretation methods
has relied on revealing the value of interpretations given by the sponsors of religions in
different concepts and their consequences, shedding light on the nature and the goals of
the wills that control them.
With advances in neural language models, the focus of linguistic steganography has shifted from edit-based approaches to generation-based ones. While the latter's payload capacity is impressive, generating genuine-looking texts remains challenging. I
n this paper, we revisit edit-based linguistic steganography, with the idea that a masked language model offers an off-the-shelf solution. The proposed method eliminates painstaking rule construction and has a high payload capacity for an edit-based model. It is also shown to be more secure against automatic detection than a generation-based method while offering better control of the security/payload capacity trade-off.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
