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Evaluation of the Water Status in Syria by Applying the Virtual Water Concept in Agricultural Sector

تقييم الوضع المائي في سورية من خلال تطبيق مبدأ المياه الافتراضية في القطاع الزراعي

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 Publication date 2011
  fields Civil Engineering
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Fresh water is considered as a top priority concern that captures Syria because of limited water resources and high rate population growth (2.52%). This paper focuses on virtual water concept and studies the possibility of utilization it in agricultural sector, and calculate the water balance of Syria accurately. The virtual water volume was calculated for most of the crops that are planted in Syria and the total water footprint and its indicators were calculated. A mathematical optimization model is developed for the selection of the cropping patterns distribution in Syria that use water with higher efficiency and better economic income, and minimize the food gap by offering two scenarios. As a findings of this research, the food demand was not covered completely but mostly because of water shortage, and the food gap value was decreased in the first scenario from 10950 million Syrian pounds to 9850 million Syrian pounds and to 5100 million Syrian pounds in the second scenario because of the productivity improvement of some crops and the increase in the production of some crops (wheat, maize) which are the main crops in food balance.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة مشكلة ندرة المياه العذبة في سوريا وتطبيق مبدأ المياه الافتراضية في القطاع الزراعي كأداة لإدارة الموارد المائية. يوضح البحث كيفية حساب الميزان المائي بدقة من خلال حساب حجم المياه الافتراضية لمعظم المحاصيل الزراعية المزروعة في سوريا، وحساب البصمة المائية الكلية ومؤشراتها. يعرض البحث سيناريوهين لإعادة توزيع التركيب المحصولي لتحقيق استخدام أكثر كفاءة للمياه وزيادة العائد الاقتصادي، مما يؤدي إلى تقليل الفجوة الغذائية. تشير النتائج إلى أن استخدام المياه الافتراضية يمكن أن يغطي معظم الاحتياجات الغذائية، مع تقليل الفجوة الغذائية من 10950 مليون ليرة سورية إلى 9850 مليون ليرة سورية في السيناريو الأول، وإلى 5100 مليون ليرة سورية في السيناريو الثاني. تعتمد الدراسة على بيانات من الفترة 1999-2003 وتستخدم نموذجًا رياضيًا لتحليل تأثير إعادة توزيع المحاصيل على الأمن الغذائي والموارد المائية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن البحث يقدم رؤية شاملة ومهمة حول استخدام مبدأ المياه الافتراضية في إدارة الموارد المائية في سوريا، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، الدراسة تعتمد على بيانات قديمة من الفترة 1999-2003، مما قد يجعل النتائج غير دقيقة تمامًا في السياق الحالي. ثانيًا، البحث يركز بشكل كبير على الجانب النظري دون تقديم حلول عملية واضحة يمكن تنفيذها بسهولة على أرض الواقع. ثالثًا، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير التغيرات المناخية المستقبلية على الموارد المائية والزراعية في سوريا. وأخيرًا، يمكن تعزيز الدراسة بمزيد من البيانات حول تأثير السياسات الحكومية والإجراءات الاقتصادية على إدارة الموارد المائية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من البحث؟

    الهدف الرئيسي من البحث هو الاستفادة من مبدأ المياه الافتراضية لمعرفة حجم العجز المائي الحقيقي في سوريا، واستخدام المياه بكفاءة أعلى في القطاع الزراعي، ومحاولة تخفيض الفجوة الغذائية.

  2. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية التي توصل إليها البحث؟

    توصل البحث إلى أن استخدام مبدأ المياه الافتراضية يمكن أن يغطي معظم الاحتياجات الغذائية في سوريا، مع تقليل الفجوة الغذائية من 10950 مليون ليرة سورية إلى 9850 مليون ليرة سورية في السيناريو الأول، وإلى 5100 مليون ليرة سورية في السيناريو الثاني.

  3. ما هي السيناريوهات التي تم عرضها لإعادة توزيع التركيب المحصولي؟

    تم عرض سيناريوهين لإعادة توزيع التركيب المحصولي: الأول يعتمد على الموارد المائية والأراضي الزراعية الحالية والإنتاجية الحالية للمحاصيل، والثاني يفترض تحسين الإنتاجية لبعض المحاصيل مثل القمح والذرة لتوازي الإنتاجية العالمية.

  4. ما هو مفهوم المياه الافتراضية وكيف يمكن استخدامه في إدارة الموارد المائية؟

    المياه الافتراضية هي كمية المياه المتضمنة في إنتاج المواد الغذائية أو غيرها من المنتجات. يمكن استخدام هذا المفهوم في إدارة الموارد المائية من خلال حساب حجم المياه الافتراضية المتضمنة في المحاصيل والمنتجات الزراعية لتحديد الميزان المائي الحقيقي وتحسين كفاءة استخدام المياه.


References used
Hofwegan, P.V., "Virtual Water- Conscious Choices", World Water Council, December, 2003
Allen R. G., Pereira Luis S., Raes, D. and Smith M., "Crop Evapotranspiration", Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 1998
AOAD, "Arab Agricultural Statistics, Yearbook", volume 22 Yearbook, Arab Organization for Agricultural Development, Agricultural Information, Documentation and Statistics Center, Khartoum, 2002
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