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Register a new userOptimal investment of water resources in the agricultural sector An Empirical Study in the coastal region during the period (2002-2012)
الاستثمار الأمثل للموارد المائية في القطاع الزراعي دراسة تطبيقية في المنطقة السّاحلية خلال الفترة (2002-2012)
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يهدف البحث إلى تقدير كميات المياه المخصصة لإرواء المساحات الزراعية في المنطقة الساحلية خلال الفترة 2002-2012، في حال تمّ استخدام الري الحديث (الري بالتنقيط و الري بالرذاذ) بدلاً من الري السطحي التقليدي، وفق المقنن المائي لكل طريقة و معدل كفاءتها, بالإضافة إلى تقدير الفاقد في شبكات الري الحكومية المخصصة للزراعة ، و وضع آليات التسعير المناسبة. اعتمد البحث على المنهجين التاريخي و الوصفي, و كان من أهم النتائج: 1- أظهرت النتائج أنه لو تمّ استخدام الري بالتنقيط بدل الري السطحي في إرواء المساحات الزراعية المعتمدة على الري السطحي لأسهم ذلك في توفير ما مقداره (40%) من كميات المياه المستخدمة في الري السطحي, و بمتوسط بلغ (174973785) متراً مكعباً خلال الفترة 2002-2012. 2- أظهرت النتائج أنه لو تمّ استخدام الري بالرذاذ بدل الري السطحي في إرواء المساحات الزراعية المعتمدة على الري السطحي لأسهم ذلك في توفيره ما مقداره (28%) من كميات المياه المستخدمة في الري السطحي, و بمتوسط بلغ (122481649) متراً مكعباً خلال الفترة المدروسة. 3- يختلف التسعير الاقتصادي للطلب الزراعي على المياه عن التسعير الحالي, حيث تبين أنّ هناك عجزاً في استرداد تكاليف التشغيل و الصيانة لأراضي المزارعين المستفيدين من مياه شبكات الري الحكومية، و البالغة (21500) للهكتار الواحد, بالمقارنة مع ما يتم تحصيله (3500) ل. س للهكتار الواحد.
The research aims to estimate allocated to quench agricultural areas in the coastal region, the amount of water during the period 2002-2012 in case of the use of modern irrigation (drip and sprinkler irrigation) instead of the traditional surface irrigation according to water legalized each method and the rate of efficiency, as well as to estimate the losses in irrigation networks allocated to agriculture and the development of appropriate pricing mechanisms of government. Find the historical and descriptive approaches adopted, and it was the most important results: 1- The results showed that if the use of drip irrigation surface irrigation in the quench-based surface irrigation acreage allowance contributed to supply up to 40% of the water used in surface irrigation amounts, and an average (174 973 785) cubic meters during the period 2002- 2012. 2- The results showed that if the use of sprinkler irrigation surface irrigation instead of the quench-based surface irrigation acreage for contributed to the supplied amount to 28% of the water used in surface irrigation amounts, and an average (122 481 649) cubic meters during the period studied. 3- economic pricing of agricultural water demand for current pricing varies, it was found that there is a deficit in the recovery of operating and maintenance costs of the territory of farmer beneficiaries of the water public irrigation networks and adult (21,500) per hectare, compared with what is being collected (3500) for. Q per hectare.
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Research summary
الورقة البحثية تهدف إلى تقدير كميات المياه المخصصة لإرواء المساحات الزراعية في المنطقة الساحلية خلال الفترة 2002-2012، في حال استخدام الري الحديث (الري بالتنقيط والري بالرذاذ) بدلاً من الري السطحي التقليدي. اعتمد الباحثان على المنهجين التاريخي والوصفي، وخلصا إلى أن استخدام الري بالتنقيط يمكن أن يوفر 40% من المياه المستخدمة في الري السطحي، بينما يمكن للري بالرذاذ أن يوفر 28%. كما تناولت الدراسة الفاقد في شبكات الري الحكومية وآليات التسعير المناسبة. أظهرت النتائج أن هناك عجزاً في استرداد تكاليف التشغيل والصيانة لأراضي المزارعين المستفيدين من مياه شبكات الري الحكومية، حيث تبلغ التكلفة الفعلية للهكتار الواحد 21500 ل.س، بينما يتم تحصيل 3500 ل.س فقط. توصي الدراسة بضرورة التحول إلى الري الحديث لتقليل الهدر في المياه وتحسين كفاءة استخدامها، بالإضافة إلى تعديل سياسات التسعير لتغطية التكاليف الحقيقية.
Critical review
الدراسة تقدم تحليلاً شاملاً لمشكلة هدر المياه في القطاع الزراعي في المنطقة الساحلية وتقدم حلولاً عملية من خلال التحول إلى الري الحديث. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولاً إذا تناولت أيضاً العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية التي قد تؤثر على تبني المزارعين للتقنيات الحديثة. كما أن الدراسة تعتمد بشكل كبير على البيانات التاريخية دون تقديم تحليل مستقبلي مفصل لكيفية تأثير التغيرات المناخية على الموارد المائية. من الجيد أيضاً أن تشمل الدراسة تجارب ميدانية لتقييم فعالية تقنيات الري الحديثة في السياقات المحلية المختلفة.
Questions related to the research
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ما هي النسبة المئوية لتوفير المياه عند استخدام الري بالتنقيط بدلاً من الري السطحي التقليدي؟
يمكن أن يوفر استخدام الري بالتنقيط 40% من كميات المياه المستخدمة في الري السطحي التقليدي.
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ما هي التكلفة الفعلية لتشغيل وصيانة الهكتار الواحد من الأراضي الزراعية باستخدام شبكات الري الحكومية؟
التكلفة الفعلية لتشغيل وصيانة الهكتار الواحد تبلغ 21500 ل.س.
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ما هي الفترة الزمنية التي تغطيها الدراسة لتحليل كفاءة استخدام المياه في المنطقة الساحلية؟
الدراسة تغطي الفترة الزمنية من 2002 إلى 2012.
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ما هو الفاقد المتوسط من المياه في شبكات الري الحكومية خلال الفترة 2002-2012؟
الفاقد المتوسط من المياه في شبكات الري الحكومية خلال الفترة 2002-2012 يقدر بـ 99420033 متراً مكعباً.
References used
Fantozzi, M., et al. ICT for efficient water resources management: the Ice Water energy management and control approach, Procedia Engineering 70, 2014
حسيان، كفاح، وأخرون، إدارة الطلب على المياه في الوطن العربي، المؤتمر الدولي الثاني للموارد المائية - والبيئة الجافة، 2006
الرفاعي، عبد الهادي ، الارتباط والسلاسل الزمنية، منشورات جامعة تشرين، اللاذقية، سورية، 2006
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