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Register a new userEvaluation of the Bedelogical properties of agricultural soils in the 7th Sector of the Lower Euphrates Basin - Syria
تقييم الخصائص البيدولوجية للترب الزراعية في القطاع السابع من حوض الفرات الأدنى- سورية
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يقع القطاع السابع على الضفة اليمنى لنهر الفرات عند مدينة البوكمال على الحدود السورية – العراقية، و تبلغ مساحته 18140 هكتاراً. تُستثمَر معظم أراضي القطاع بشكل كثيف جداً، و تعتمد الزراعات فيه على الري بوساطة شبكات الري التي تتألف من أقنية و خنادق ترابية، تُضخ المياه فيها بالمضخات المنتشرة على ضفاف الفرات. يهدف البحث إلى تقييم الخصائص البيدولوجية للتربة الزراعية باستخدام تجارب مخبرية و حقلية، و من أهم الخصائص: سرعة التسرب، النفاذية، الكثافة الظاهرية، المسامية، السعة الحقلية المائية، الرطوبة الطبيعية (الهيغروسكوبية–حد الذبول)، و ذلك للمساهمة في اختيار الطرائق المثلى لأعمال الري و الصرف، و لإعادة استصلاح الأراضي التي تأثرت بالملوحة و خرجت من الاستثمار. تمتاز تربة القطاع بأنها غضارية و رملية غضارية و رملية ناعمة، نفاذيتها منخفضة، و السعة الحقلية المائية لها أيضاً منخفضة بسبب منشأها الرسوبي، و المسامية الكلية منخفضة في الآفاق تحت السطحية بسبب ارتصاصها، و يوجد علاقة بين الرطوبة الهيغروسكوبية للتربة و التركيب البنائي لها. يوصي البحث بزراعة محاصيل بقولية ذات أعماق جذور مختلفة كي تساعد على تحسين بناء التربة، و ضرورة استخدام الري بالرذاذ للتحكم بكمية المياه و عمق الترطيب.
Seventh sector is located on the right bank of the Euphrates River at the town of Abu- Kamal, the Syrian-Iraq border, and its square 18140 hectares. Invest most heavily sector too, where crops depend on irrigation, irrigation networks mediated consisting of earthen trenches, canals and to pump water by pumps on the banks of the Euphrates. Research aims to assess the pedelogical properties of agricultural soils by using laboratory and field tests: leaching speed, permeability, density, porosity, water field capacity, natural humidity (hygroscopic– wilt limit), so as to contribute in choosing optimal modalities for irrigation and drainage, and rehabilitation Land affected by salinity and exited the investment. The soils of the sector are clay, clayey sand, fine sand, and it has low permeability, low water field capacity because of sedimentary origin, and the total porosity is low in the upper part of subsurface soil because of its impaction. There is a relationship between hygroscopic moisture of soils and its structural composition. The search recommend to agriculture Fabaceae crops with different roots deep to help improve soil building, and need to use spray irrigation method to control the water quantity and wetting depth.
References used
YACOB. A, HELUH. G, SHELEME. B. Pedelogical characterstics and classification of soil along landscapes at Abodo, Southwestern lowlands. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management. ETHIOPIA, Vol. 5(6). 2014, 72-82. ISSN: 1996-0816
LUFEGA, S.M, MSANYA, B.M. Pedological characterization and soil classification of selected soil units of Morogoro District. International journal of plant & science, TANZANIA. ISSN: 2320-7035, 2017
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The Seventh sector is located on the right bank of the Euphrates River at the town of ALbu- Kamal, the Syrian-Iraq border. Invest most heavily sector too, by planting different crops which irrigated by irrigation networks consisting of canals and ear
then trenches. Research aims to evaluate the salinity of agricultural soils and unconfined groundwater by doing field surveying of agricultural soils of horizons from ground surface till depth 200cm. and making detailed chemical analysis of free groundwater and evaluate the quality of it to determine the salinity regions and the salinity degree. The salinity of agricultural soils of the sector are sulfate-chlorine and little degree chlorine - sulfate and chlorine classified non salinity –little salinity and little degree moderate salinity to very highly and highly salinity. The salinity of free groundwater between 1.3-28.5 g/l. and classified chlorine sulfate-magnesia calcic and sometimes sulfate chlorine- calcic magnesia. The research recommend to study and determine the leachingrequirement of salinity regions from actual test or choosing the most appropriate experimental equations.
The third sector of lower Euphrates basin has a great economic importance, but some
lands have gone out of service because of salinization due to the rise of groundwater levels.
Thus, it is very important to solve the ground water issue using new s
cientific techniques.
This research aims to solve the drainage problem in the third sector using a scenario based
on a mathematical model, the results of which allow us design a proper drainage network
comprised of 111 wells scattered all over the study area, with a total abstraction of 269000
m3/day. This will lower the groundwater level, dry the swamps, and decrease the soil
salinity, ensuring a sustainable economic exploitation of agricultural lands.
Sector No. 5 is located on the right side of Euphrates River, Southeast of
ALMyadeen City. Many lands there are not suitable for agricultural uses, because of the
saline soils. This research aimed to evaluate the system of the unconfined groundwate
r
resources, by adopting the measurement results in 40 piezometers, drilled in aquifer of
quaternary deposits which consist of loam, gravel, and sandy gravel, underneath which are
impervious Neogene deposits.
The annual changes of groundwater levels of quaternary aquifer were 1-3 meters, due
to rain and irrigation water leaking. The groundwater table is shallow (less than 2.5 m),
because of the excessive irrigation, which gives an urgent necessity to construct effective
drain network to reduce groundwater levels. Groundwater salinity reaches 29 gr/liter, and
concentrations of the chloride and sulphate are 11 gr/liter, 3,5 gr/liter in some locations,
because of the natural and artificial situations. Therefore, this groundwater is not suitable
for domestic, or agricultural purposes in most areas of the region.
The provision of adequate drainage and the accompanying problem of
accumulation of salt in soil have plagued irrigated agriculture for
centuries. Soil salinity is one of the major problems in arid and semi-arid
zones. In Euphrates valley the high
groundwater level and its high
evaporation rate caused a serious salinity problem. This study was aimed
to allocate the dangerous areas in terms of high water level resulted from
the recent and expected activities. Drainage wells will be drilled at these
areas in order to lower the groundwater level and prevent further soil
salinity.
Fresh water is considered as a top priority concern that captures Syria because of limited
water resources and high rate population growth (2.52%). This paper focuses on virtual water
concept and studies the possibility of utilization it in agricul
tural sector, and calculate the water
balance of Syria accurately. The virtual water volume was calculated for most of the crops that
are planted in Syria and the total water footprint and its indicators were calculated. A
mathematical optimization model is developed for the selection of the cropping patterns
distribution in Syria that use water with higher efficiency and better economic income, and
minimize the food gap by offering two scenarios. As a findings of this research, the food demand
was not covered completely but mostly because of water shortage, and the food gap value was
decreased in the first scenario from 10950 million Syrian pounds to 9850 million Syrian pounds
and to 5100 million Syrian pounds in the second scenario because of the productivity
improvement of some crops and the increase in the production of some crops (wheat, maize)
which are the main crops in food balance.
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