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Register a new userGMS Model to Drain the Groundwater in the 3ed Sector of the Lower Euphrates Basin-Syria
موديل GMS لصرف المياه الجوفية في القطاع الثالث من حوض الفرات الأدنى - سورية
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علي محمد الأسعد( باحث )
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يتّصف القطاع الثالث من حوض الفرات الأدنى بأهمية اقتصادية كبيرة، غير أنّ بعض الأراضي خرجت من الاستثمار الزراعي بسبب تملّحها نتيجة ارتفاع مناسيب المياه الجوفية، لذلك، من الضروري وضع حل لمسألة صرف المياه الجوفية باستخدام التقانات العلمية الحديثة. يهدف البحث إلى وضع سيناريو لحل مسألة صرف الأراضي في القطاع الثالث، فاعتمد الحل على بناء أنموذج رياضي، سمحت نتائج تشغيله بتصميم شبكة صرف مناسبة، تتألف من 111 بئراً تنتشر في أرجاء منطقة الدراسة، و الضخ منها جميعاً بمعدل 269000 m3/day ، ممّا سيؤدّي إلى تخفيض سطح المياه الجوفية و تجفيف المستنقعات، و تخفيض ملوحة التربة، ما يكفل استثمار الأراضي الزراعية استثماراً اقتصادياً مستداماً.
The third sector of lower Euphrates basin has a great economic importance, but some lands have gone out of service because of salinization due to the rise of groundwater levels. Thus, it is very important to solve the ground water issue using new scientific techniques. This research aims to solve the drainage problem in the third sector using a scenario based on a mathematical model, the results of which allow us design a proper drainage network comprised of 111 wells scattered all over the study area, with a total abstraction of 269000 m3/day. This will lower the groundwater level, dry the swamps, and decrease the soil salinity, ensuring a sustainable economic exploitation of agricultural lands.
References used
BRASSINGTON, R. Field Hydrogeology. 3d Ed. John Wily & Sons, Ltd. England, 2007, 279
MINISTRY of INDUSTRY, Department of Geological and mineral research. The geological Map of Syria, scale 1:200000, sheets I-37-XXIII, XXIV. (Deir Azor, Al- Buwara), Explanatory notes, compiled by MEDVEDEV, V. Ya., Editor-in-chief PONIKAROV, V. P. Damascus, 1966, 44
MINISTRY of INDUSTRY, Department of Geological and mineral research. The geological Map of Syria, scale 1:200000, sheets I-37-XVII, XVIII.(Abou kamal, Beer El-Allouni) Explanatory notes, compiled by MEDVEDEV, V. Ya., Editor-inchief PONIKAROV, V. P. Damascus 1966, 43
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The Seventh sector is located on the right bank of the Euphrates River at the town of ALbu- Kamal, the Syrian-Iraq border. Invest most heavily sector too, by planting different crops which irrigated by irrigation networks consisting of canals and ear
then trenches. Research aims to evaluate the salinity of agricultural soils and unconfined groundwater by doing field surveying of agricultural soils of horizons from ground surface till depth 200cm. and making detailed chemical analysis of free groundwater and evaluate the quality of it to determine the salinity regions and the salinity degree. The salinity of agricultural soils of the sector are sulfate-chlorine and little degree chlorine - sulfate and chlorine classified non salinity –little salinity and little degree moderate salinity to very highly and highly salinity. The salinity of free groundwater between 1.3-28.5 g/l. and classified chlorine sulfate-magnesia calcic and sometimes sulfate chlorine- calcic magnesia. The research recommend to study and determine the leachingrequirement of salinity regions from actual test or choosing the most appropriate experimental equations.
Sector No. 5 is located on the right side of Euphrates River, Southeast of
ALMyadeen City. Many lands there are not suitable for agricultural uses, because of the
saline soils. This research aimed to evaluate the system of the unconfined groundwate
r
resources, by adopting the measurement results in 40 piezometers, drilled in aquifer of
quaternary deposits which consist of loam, gravel, and sandy gravel, underneath which are
impervious Neogene deposits.
The annual changes of groundwater levels of quaternary aquifer were 1-3 meters, due
to rain and irrigation water leaking. The groundwater table is shallow (less than 2.5 m),
because of the excessive irrigation, which gives an urgent necessity to construct effective
drain network to reduce groundwater levels. Groundwater salinity reaches 29 gr/liter, and
concentrations of the chloride and sulphate are 11 gr/liter, 3,5 gr/liter in some locations,
because of the natural and artificial situations. Therefore, this groundwater is not suitable
for domestic, or agricultural purposes in most areas of the region.
The provision of adequate drainage and the accompanying problem of
accumulation of salt in soil have plagued irrigated agriculture for
centuries. Soil salinity is one of the major problems in arid and semi-arid
zones. In Euphrates valley the high
groundwater level and its high
evaporation rate caused a serious salinity problem. This study was aimed
to allocate the dangerous areas in terms of high water level resulted from
the recent and expected activities. Drainage wells will be drilled at these
areas in order to lower the groundwater level and prevent further soil
salinity.
Seventh sector is located on the right bank of the Euphrates River at the town of Abu-
Kamal, the Syrian-Iraq border, and its square 18140 hectares. Invest most heavily sector
too, where crops depend on irrigation, irrigation networks mediated cons
isting of earthen
trenches, canals and to pump water by pumps on the banks of the Euphrates.
Research aims to assess the pedelogical properties of agricultural soils by using laboratory
and field tests: leaching speed, permeability, density, porosity, water field capacity, natural
humidity (hygroscopic– wilt limit), so as to contribute in choosing optimal modalities for
irrigation and drainage, and rehabilitation Land affected by salinity and exited the
investment.
The soils of the sector are clay, clayey sand, fine sand, and it has low permeability, low
water field capacity because of sedimentary origin, and the total porosity is low in the
upper part of subsurface soil because of its impaction. There is a relationship between
hygroscopic moisture of soils and its structural composition. The search recommend to
agriculture Fabaceae crops with different roots deep to help improve soil building, and
need to use spray irrigation method to control the water quantity and wetting depth.
The Drastic method has been used to assess the potential sensitivity of the
Groundwater In Lattakia basin using Arc GIS 9.2 Where the modified Drastic system has
been developed by combining the land uses and its divisions with general Drastic model
.As a result, final values of Drastic have been modulated into two categories "low and
moderate sensitivity"
It has been found that the introduction of the human criteriahas increased the
potentialof the moderate sensitivity of the Groundwater.
As a final result, the general content of the sensitivity map which has been
establishedfor Lattakia basin, showed, the domination of low sensitivity category in the
north western and the north eastern areas which has big location depths of the Groundwater
and high topographic altitudes.In contrast, the moderate sensitivity category dominated in
the southern areas of the study region.
The latter areas which are characterized by the existence of varied human activities
havelocation ofGroundwater levels close to the surface.
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