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GMS Model to Drain the Groundwater in the 3ed Sector of the Lower Euphrates Basin-Syria

موديل GMS لصرف المياه الجوفية في القطاع الثالث من حوض الفرات الأدنى - سورية

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 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The third sector of lower Euphrates basin has a great economic importance, but some lands have gone out of service because of salinization due to the rise of groundwater levels. Thus, it is very important to solve the ground water issue using new scientific techniques. This research aims to solve the drainage problem in the third sector using a scenario based on a mathematical model, the results of which allow us design a proper drainage network comprised of 111 wells scattered all over the study area, with a total abstraction of 269000 m3/day. This will lower the groundwater level, dry the swamps, and decrease the soil salinity, ensuring a sustainable economic exploitation of agricultural lands.


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Research summary
تناقش هذه الدراسة مشكلة تملح الأراضي الزراعية في القطاع الثالث من حوض الفرات الأدنى في سوريا نتيجة ارتفاع مناسيب المياه الجوفية. يهدف البحث إلى وضع سيناريو لحل هذه المشكلة باستخدام نموذج رياضي يعتمد على برنامج GMS (Groundwater Modeling System). تم تصميم شبكة صرف تتألف من 111 بئراً موزعة في منطقة الدراسة، حيث يتم ضخ المياه الجوفية بمعدل 269000 متر مكعب يومياً. يهدف هذا الحل إلى تخفيض منسوب المياه الجوفية وتجفيف المستنقعات وتقليل ملوحة التربة، مما يضمن استثمار الأراضي الزراعية بشكل اقتصادي مستدام. تعتمد الدراسة على بيانات مراقبة من شبكة رصد تتألف من 69 بئراً وتستخدم تقنيات المحاكاة الرياضية لتحليل البيانات وتقديم الحلول. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن الصرف الشاقولي هو الحل الأمثل لتخفيض منسوب المياه الجوفية وتحسين جودة التربة الزراعية في المنطقة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة خطوة هامة نحو حل مشكلة تملح الأراضي الزراعية في القطاع الثالث من حوض الفرات الأدنى. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض الانتقادات البناءة. أولاً، تعتمد الدراسة بشكل كبير على البيانات الميدانية التي قد تكون قديمة أو غير مكتملة، مما يؤثر على دقة النتائج. ثانياً، لم يتم تناول تأثير التغيرات المناخية المستقبلية على مستوى المياه الجوفية بشكل كافٍ. ثالثاً، قد تكون تكلفة تنفيذ شبكة الصرف المقترحة عالية، ولم يتم تقديم تحليل اقتصادي مفصل لتقييم الجدوى المالية للمشروع. وأخيراً، يمكن أن تكون هناك حاجة لمزيد من الدراسات الميدانية لتأكيد فعالية النموذج الرياضي المستخدم.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من البحث؟

    الهدف الرئيسي هو وضع سيناريو لحل مشكلة تملح الأراضي الزراعية في القطاع الثالث من حوض الفرات الأدنى باستخدام نموذج رياضي لتصميم شبكة صرف مناسبة.

  2. ما هي مكونات شبكة الصرف المقترحة في الدراسة؟

    تتألف شبكة الصرف المقترحة من 111 بئراً موزعة في منطقة الدراسة، حيث يتم ضخ المياه الجوفية بمعدل 269000 متر مكعب يومياً.

  3. ما هي الفوائد المتوقعة من تنفيذ شبكة الصرف المقترحة؟

    الفوائد المتوقعة تشمل تخفيض منسوب المياه الجوفية، تجفيف المستنقعات، تقليل ملوحة التربة، وضمان استثمار الأراضي الزراعية بشكل اقتصادي مستدام.

  4. ما هي الانتقادات الرئيسية التي يمكن توجيهها لهذه الدراسة؟

    الانتقادات تشمل الاعتماد على بيانات ميدانية قد تكون قديمة، عدم تناول تأثير التغيرات المناخية المستقبلية بشكل كافٍ، التكلفة العالية لتنفيذ شبكة الصرف، والحاجة لمزيد من الدراسات الميدانية لتأكيد فعالية النموذج المستخدم.


References used
BRASSINGTON, R. Field Hydrogeology. 3d Ed. John Wily & Sons, Ltd. England, 2007, 279
MINISTRY of INDUSTRY, Department of Geological and mineral research. The geological Map of Syria, scale 1:200000, sheets I-37-XXIII, XXIV. (Deir Azor, Al- Buwara), Explanatory notes, compiled by MEDVEDEV, V. Ya., Editor-in-chief PONIKAROV, V. P. Damascus, 1966, 44
MINISTRY of INDUSTRY, Department of Geological and mineral research. The geological Map of Syria, scale 1:200000, sheets I-37-XVII, XVIII.(Abou kamal, Beer El-Allouni) Explanatory notes, compiled by MEDVEDEV, V. Ya., Editor-inchief PONIKAROV, V. P. Damascus 1966, 43
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Sector No. 5 is located on the right side of Euphrates River, Southeast of ALMyadeen City. Many lands there are not suitable for agricultural uses, because of the saline soils. This research aimed to evaluate the system of the unconfined groundwate r resources, by adopting the measurement results in 40 piezometers, drilled in aquifer of quaternary deposits which consist of loam, gravel, and sandy gravel, underneath which are impervious Neogene deposits. The annual changes of groundwater levels of quaternary aquifer were 1-3 meters, due to rain and irrigation water leaking. The groundwater table is shallow (less than 2.5 m), because of the excessive irrigation, which gives an urgent necessity to construct effective drain network to reduce groundwater levels. Groundwater salinity reaches 29 gr/liter, and concentrations of the chloride and sulphate are 11 gr/liter, 3,5 gr/liter in some locations, because of the natural and artificial situations. Therefore, this groundwater is not suitable for domestic, or agricultural purposes in most areas of the region.
The provision of adequate drainage and the accompanying problem of accumulation of salt in soil have plagued irrigated agriculture for centuries. Soil salinity is one of the major problems in arid and semi-arid zones. In Euphrates valley the high groundwater level and its high evaporation rate caused a serious salinity problem. This study was aimed to allocate the dangerous areas in terms of high water level resulted from the recent and expected activities. Drainage wells will be drilled at these areas in order to lower the groundwater level and prevent further soil salinity.
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The Drastic method has been used to assess the potential sensitivity of the Groundwater In Lattakia basin using Arc GIS 9.2 Where the modified Drastic system has been developed by combining the land uses and its divisions with general Drastic model .As a result, final values of Drastic have been modulated into two categories "low and moderate sensitivity" It has been found that the introduction of the human criteriahas increased the potentialof the moderate sensitivity of the Groundwater. As a final result, the general content of the sensitivity map which has been establishedfor Lattakia basin, showed, the domination of low sensitivity category in the north western and the north eastern areas which has big location depths of the Groundwater and high topographic altitudes.In contrast, the moderate sensitivity category dominated in the southern areas of the study region. The latter areas which are characterized by the existence of varied human activities havelocation ofGroundwater levels close to the surface.
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