Optimal investment of water resources in the agricultural sector An Empirical Study in the coastal region during the period (2002-2012)

The research aims to estimate allocated to quench agricultural areas in the coastal region, the amount of water during the period 2002-2012 in case of the use of modern irrigation (drip and sprinkler irrigation) instead of the traditional surface irrigation according to water legalized each method and the rate of efficiency, as well as to estimate the losses in irrigation networks allocated to agriculture and the development of appropriate pricing mechanisms of government. Find the historical and descriptive approaches adopted, and it was the most important results: 1- The results showed that if the use of drip irrigation surface irrigation in the quench-based surface irrigation acreage allowance contributed to supply up to 40% of the water used in surface irrigation amounts, and an average (174 973 785) cubic meters during the period 2002- 2012. 2- The results showed that if the use of sprinkler irrigation surface irrigation instead of the quench-based surface irrigation acreage for contributed to the supplied amount to 28% of the water used in surface irrigation amounts, and an average (122 481 649) cubic meters during the period studied. 3- economic pricing of agricultural water demand for current pricing varies, it was found that there is a deficit in the recovery of operating and maintenance costs of the territory of farmer beneficiaries of the water public irrigation networks and adult (21,500) per hectare, compared with what is being collected (3500) for. Q per hectare.

Modern irrigation in Syria

Using modern irrigation started as individual initiatives, then the government supported the introduction of these techniques through the national programme for transferring to modern irrigation that started late 2000. This programme set up to convert all irrigated area, where possible, from traditional methods to modern irrigation systems during 10 years period. The government has issued several decisions for facilitating transfer process and ironing out the financial and administrative constraints facing the implementation of this programme.

Determination of water requirement for pepper by use different irrigation systems

The research aims to determine the water requirements by using drip irrigation, microjet irrigation, sprinker irrigation and surface irrigation for pepper. The study showed the following: • The pepper don’t need to irrigate through mars and april and the first third of may because the effective rainfall is more than the trees water requirement. • The irrigation efficiencies were 0.921, 0.886, 0.868 and 0.70 for drip, microjet, sprinker and surface irrigation, respectively. • the dayly irrigation averages for one plant by field studying were 1.084, 1.132, 1.152, 1.426 liter/day for drip and microjet and sprinkler and surface irrigation, respectively. • By regarding the surface irrigation as witness we can economize of water in one year for one hectare 3595 m3, 3222 m3 and 2858 m3 by using drip, microjet and sprinker irrigation, respectively. • The product quantities were 3995, 3389, 3315, 2910 by using drip, microjet, sprinker, and surface irrigation, respectively.

Factors affecting farmer's adoption of modern irrigation technique of irrigated wheat crop in Al- Hassaka province

The research was conducted at Al- Hassaka province during the 2010 - 2011 season to study socio-economic factors and other factors affecting the decision of wheat farmers to adopt the technology of modern irrigation and to identify the barriers that limit the adoption of these techniques. Correlation and binary logistic regression was applied for data analysis. The results showed that 77.78% of the total farmers studied were using modern irrigation to irrigate their wheat crops and the rest were using traditional irrigation and this percentage is expected to increase from 77.78% in 2010 to 95% in 2025 with an annual rate of nearly 1.15%. Sprinkler irrigation adopted by larger percentage (63.33%) of farmers who adopted modern irrigation techniques and followed by the developed surface irrigation on lines (11.11%). It was observed that the high cost of the network played a fundamental role in the lack of 42.55% of farmers to adopt modern irrigations Statistical analysis showed that there was an inverse significant relationship between each of independent variables (percentage of farming labor force to total family labor force, farmer's experience) and the dependant variable adoption of modern irrigation techniques but there was a positive significant relationship between adoption of modern irrigation and other independent variables such as, cereals yield, farmers education level and direction of the farmer towards the agricultural extension.