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Register a new userChoosing the optimal paths to collect solid waste from containers distributed in Lattakia city areas using geographic information systems (GIS)
اختيار المسارات المثلى لجمع و ترحيل المخلفات المعاشية من الحاويات الموزعة في مناطق مدينة اللاذقية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS)
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Authors
أحمد وزان( باحث )
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مع ازدياد عدد السكان و ارتفاع مستوى المعيشة و التقدم الصناعي و التقني السريع تنوعت و ازدادت كميات النفايات الصلبة الناتجة من الأنشطة البشرية المختلفة و أصبحت عملية التخلص منها من ابرز المشاكل التي تواجه المدن و التجمعات البشرية نظراً لما تشكله هذه النفايات من أخطار على البيئة و مواردها الطبيعية و على صحة الإنسان و سلامته. لذلك فإن وضع نظام إدارة متكامل للنفايات الصلبة اصبح من أهم عناصر استراتيجيات تطوير المدن . تتضمن الإدارة التقليدية للتخلص من النفايات البلدية الصلبة عمليات جمع النفايات و نقلها و ردمها أو حرقها و قد تطور مفهوم التخلص من النفايات الصلبة خلال العقود السابقة و بدأت برامج إدارة النفايات تركز على استخدام البرامج الحاسوبية مثل برنامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافي الذي يساعد في عملية التخطيط البيئي للمدن و اختيار الحلول المثلى و الاكثر اقتصادية . و تتضمن هذه الدراسة استخدام تقنية برنامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية في تخطيط و اختيار المسارات المثلى لجمع و ترحيل المخلفات الصلبة من حاويات مدينة اللاذقية حيث يخضع اختيار هذه المسارات على معادلتي الطول و الزمن فيتم اختيار المسار الاقصر بالنسبة للطول مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار القواعد المرورية و اتجاهات السير ضمن الطرقات أما بالنسبة للزمن فيأخذ المسار ذو المسافة الاقصر وفقا للسرعات المحددة لكل طريق.
With the increasing population, the rising standards of living, industrial progress and rapid technological advancement, solid waste has varied and increased in amount as a result of various human activities. Thus, waste disposal has become one of the main problems facing cities and human populations because of the dangers posed by this waste to the environment and natural resources and health. Therefore, the development of an integrated management system for solid waste has become one of the most important elements of urban development strategies. Traditional management of municipal solid waste disposal, which includes collection, transfer and backfilling or burning operations, has evolved the concept of disposal of solid waste during the previous decades and begun waste management programs that focus on the use of computer programs such as geographic information systems, which help environmental planning for cities, and selection of the most optimal and economical solutions and. This study includes the use of geographic information systems software technology in the planning and selection of the optimal paths to collect and relay solid waste containers in the city of Latakia. In fact, selecting these routes undergoes the equations of length and time as to choose the shortest path, taking into account traffic regulations and diesctions in the streets. As for time, it takes the shortest path in terms of speeds specified for each road.
References used
Theisen, H.;Vigil, S.Tchobanoglous, G. Integrated Solid Waste Management : Engineering Principles And Management issues . , 2007
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The disposal of solid waste is one of the most important contemporary environmental issues. Increasing population and what has been associated with the change in the patterns and lifestyles and increased consumption led to increasing the amount of pr
oduced waste and its quality, especially in cities; the estimated amount of solid waste produced daily in the city of Latakia was 840 tons. Thus, there is an urgent need to follow the techniques in the management of solid waste in all stages to maintain human health and protect the environment from pollution.
This study as a whole aims to estimate the amount and characteristics of solid waste, the methods used to collect and analyze the spatial distribution of the current waste collection containers in areas of the city of Latakia, better planning commensurate with its population and the amount of waste produced using GIS technology. To accomplish this, we have a comprehensive field survey to collect the waste containers in the study area where they were monitoring their locations and identifying characteristics; we relied on statistical analytical approach in the recruitment of data that have been obtained, and used the map to the city of Latakia Tags. And, through the program (ARC GIS 9.3) the data has been entered and processed, linked and analyzed using analysis tools attached to the program, exit maps and various forms that serve the study.
The study concludes that the current number of containers is not enough when discharged per day, and that the spatial distribution is not commensurate with the amount of waste produced in areas of the city .
The process of collecting and transporting solid waste is the first and fundamental issue in the management of solid waste as it is the most economically expensive operation, in which its expenses in the process of system of municipal solid waste man
agement (MSWM) reaches about 60-70% of the total expenditure. This process starts from placing waste in containers till unloading these containers in transportation vehicles and then carry them to transfer stations or final disposal sites.
The fees of collection and transportation can be reduced through the selection of the optimal path, and thus obtaining many economical benefits.
In this research, the applications of geographical information systems (GIS) have been used in order to choose the optimal route for waste collection, transportation and transference in the city of Lattakia, Where a database has been designed which included mainly the streets, bridges and tunnels, it also included residential areas serviced by waste containers, and the process of linking them to each other took place by using the techniques of GIS in order to choose the best economical and timetable ways for the traffic of vehicles to collect and transport the waste, which contributes practically and effectively in improving the activities of municipal solid waste management in this city.
The Drastic method has been used to assess the potential sensitivity of the
Groundwater In Lattakia basin using Arc GIS 9.2 Where the modified Drastic system has
been developed by combining the land uses and its divisions with general Drastic model
.As a result, final values of Drastic have been modulated into two categories "low and
moderate sensitivity"
It has been found that the introduction of the human criteriahas increased the
potentialof the moderate sensitivity of the Groundwater.
As a final result, the general content of the sensitivity map which has been
establishedfor Lattakia basin, showed, the domination of low sensitivity category in the
north western and the north eastern areas which has big location depths of the Groundwater
and high topographic altitudes.In contrast, the moderate sensitivity category dominated in
the southern areas of the study region.
The latter areas which are characterized by the existence of varied human activities
havelocation ofGroundwater levels close to the surface.
This research highlights the vital role of Pavement Management Systems integrated with Geographic Information Systems in planning and managing road maintenance in Lattakia, and getting a flexible local system by following a new method in processing a
nd viewing information that supports maintenance decision.
This study included applying a pilot project for managing pavement maintenance over a group of roads following The General Establishment for Road Communications. Those roads were divided to links and segments then evaluated using the " Asphalt Institute Method ", which gave us a numeric pointer that led in turn to the type of maintenance needed for a particular pavement. In this research, we depended on the Geographic Information Systems to design and build a comprehensive database, that reflected the present condition of the studied roads, and enabled us to store, analyze and document pavement surface condition and link it to the digitized maps of the studied roads. This guaranteed easy and direct access to various kinds of data and solutions as every segment appeared in a different color reflecting its conditions according to the theme of the map. By doing so, we could support the process of taking right maintenance decisions.
3D models of historical sites and monuments are very interesting in archaeology and digital tourism fields. These models help archeologists document historical sites and analyze the relationships between their components. Moreover, 3D models constitu
te an attractive factor that encourages visiting sites and presents virtual information about cultural heritage.
In this paper, we propose an approach that uses capabilities of CAD (Computer Aided Design) and GIS (Geographic Information System) systems to construct spatial and semantic database for historical sites and modeling them in 3D. Users of the mentioned database can use it to gather information about sites and to navigate across them via the animation capabilities in GIS.
The proposed ideas will be applied on the historical site of Ras-SHAMRA in Lattakia. Spatial data concerning the site will be acquired form a topographic plan designed in 2004. These data will then be processed and introduced into GIS environment. ArcGIS software will be used to achieve an Archeological Information System (AIS) for the site and to construct a 3D model of the site and the royal palace.
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