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Register a new userAnalytical Study for Leakage Current of Porcelain Insulators under Artificial Pollution Conditions
دراسة تحليلة لتيار التسريب على العوازل البورسلانية في ظروف التلوث الصنعي - دراسة توتر عالٍ-
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علي السيد( باحث )
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تعد مشكلة تلوث العوازل في خطوط التوتر العالي من أهم المشكلات التي تواجه الشبكات الكهربائية، و خاصة في القطر العربي السوري؛ و ذلك بعد أن توسعت مصادر التلوث من جهة، نظرًا إلى أن التغذية الكهربائية قد أضحت مرتبطة بعمل القطاعات الاقتصادية و الحياتية كّلها من جهة أخرى. إذ إن التلوث البيئي للعوازل غالبًا ما يؤدي إلى انقطاعات عامة في التغذية الكهربائية عن مناطق واسعة و يتسبب من ثم بأضرار اقتصادية و كهربائية فادحة في القطاعات المرتبطة بالشبكة الكهربائية كّلها. من هنا نجد أنه لابد من تحديد القيم المميزة لتلوث العوازل، و إيجاد العلاقة التي تربط بين هذه القيم و توتر انهيار العوازل الملوثة مخبريًا، و من ثم إسقاط هذه النتائج المخبرية على العوازل المعرضة للتلوث الطبيعي في الأجواء الخارجية، بإجراء قياسات مقارنة على العوازل الملوثة طبيعيًا و اتخاذ الإجراءات الملائمة للحد من آثارها.
The polluted insulators problem is one of the most important cases, that faces the electrical networks especially in Syrian Arab Republic because the sources of pollution expand more and more, On the other side, the electrical power supply is related to the operation of all commercial and daily sectors. The environmental pollution on the insulators generally causes general breakdowns in the electrical power supply networks of wide areas, This makes great economical losses in all sectors that are related to electrical network. In this research, the distinct values of insulators pollutions are defined. We then find the relationship between the mentioned values and flashover voltage of polluted insulators in the laboratory. The results of the tests apply on the natural polluted insulators in the outsides. Finally, comparison measurements are made on naturally polluted insulators, and the appropriated procedures to limit the pollution effects .
References used
[S. chandrasekar, C. kalaivanan: "Investigations on Harmonic Contents of Leakage Current of Porcelain Insulator under Polluted Conditions". [2008
[Waluyo, Parouli M. Pakpahan, Suwarno, and Maman A. Djauhari: "Study on Leakage Current Waveforms of Porcelain Insulator due to Various Artificial Pollutants". [2007
samplecode. Rockwell automation.com /idc/groups/.../mvb-wp011_-en-p.pdf
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A biological study of Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt on branched broomrape
(Orobanche ramosa L.) which infest tomato crop, in the coastal region of Syria, was
conducted during 2011/2012 growing season. It included a study of some biological
parameters:
The preoviposition, oviposition, post oviposition, total number of eggs laid
per female, and total developmental period, at 25 ± 1ºc, 30 ± 1ºc and 70±5% RH. The
results showed that the fertilized females insert their eggs singly in the flowers (seed
capsules) and sometimes in the shoots of O. ramosa. The average of the total number of
eggs per female was 12.90 ± 5.41, 13.50 ± 7.53 at 25 ± 1ºc, 30 ± 1ºc, respectively,
without significant differences. The preoviposition period was 3.60 ± 0.79 day at 25 ±
1ºc, and decreased to 1.90 ± 0.32 day at 30 ± 1ºc with significant differences. The
average values of other biological parameters (oviposition, post oviposition) were higher
at 25 ± 1ºc, without significant differences. This insect has three larval instars, and the
larvae complete its development and pupate inside seed capsules. the developmental
period of pupa for female was shorter than pupa for male, and the total developmental
period of P. orobanchia occupied 18.5 ± 3.49, 17.75 ± 2.99 day for male, and 17.7 ±
2.93, 16.7± 2.6 day for female at 25 ±1ºc, 30±1ºc respectively.
The Research In This Regard Is Concerned With Pollution Of The Marine Environment, Which Is One Of The Vital Topics That Have Occupied The Attention Of The International Community In General and Coastal State
s In Particular, For Which The Conventions Aimed At ProtectingThe Marine Environment Were Concluded By Adopting The Rules Of Substantive Responsibility For Damages Resulting From Marine Pollution Accidents, Which Has Proved To Be The Legal Valve To Guarantee Individuals' Rights And Facilitating Compensation For Damages Resulting FromPollution Of TheMarine Environment In Cases Where AggrievedIs Unable To Prove Fault In The Face Of Responsible. The Research aims To Briefing By PillarsOf Substantive Responsibility And The Implications Of establishing It In The Light Of International And Regional Conventions That Concern The Issue Of Pollution Of The Marine Environment.The Research concluded That The Implementation Of The Substantive Responsibility Rules will Achieve Greater Protection For Those AffectedIf The Period Of Limitation Extinguished For The Compensation Lawsuit Is Taken Into Account In The Interest Of Aggrieved, Especially Since Some Conventions Don’t TakeInto Account That The Environmental DamageIs Slow To Emerge, Thus Losing The Right Of Aggrieved To Compensation Due To The Lapse Of Time
The concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb),
cadmium (Cd) in dead and live honeybees were determined by using
atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The samples were collected from
beehives of stationary apiariessituated in
five different locations of
Latakia; Qardahah (Asitamo), Haffeh (Dabba), Jableh (Snouper),Latakia
city (Al-Ramel Al-Shamali\ Autostrade of Al-Jomhouria) and Eastern
Entryway to Latakia (behind Al-Jood factory) , during the spring and
autumn in 2014.
This study was caried out at fields Hort. and Fores. Resea., Depart. of
Agric.Resea.in Ninevah during ١٩٩٨ and ١٩٩٩ growing season to evaluate the
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In Artificial Intelligence field, Knowledge Engineering phase is considered
the most crucial phase of the development life cycle of the Knowledge Base
Systems [1]. In fact, Formal Logic in general and Modus Ponens specifically has
been the dominan
t tools for structuring this knowledge [3]. This led for forming
a gap between the knowledge area and the information area, which depends
structurally on the Set Theory in general and on the Relational Algebra in
particular [1]. Thus, trying to introduce a bridge to pass this gap in structuring
and treating knowledge, we have conducted a new knowledge representation
model that depends structurally on (Classical and Fuzzy) Set Theory. Then we
used it as the base for conducting an inference model that attempt, using a set
of algebraic operations and by going through a series of stages, to reach a
solution of the problem under study, in a manner very close to the one that
humans usually use in treating their knowledge, taking into consideration the
speed and accuracy as much as the problem allows.
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