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Register a new userA study of some biological parameters of Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt. under laboratory conditions
دراسة بعض المؤشرات الحياتية لذبابة الهالوك Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt. تحت ظروف مخبرية
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2013
fields
Plant Protecion
and research's language is
العربية
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أجريت دراسة بيولوجية لذبابة الهالوك Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt على الهالوك المتفرع Orobanche ramosa L. الذي يصيب البندورة في المنطقة الساحلية من سوريا، خلال الموسم الزراعي2011-2012، درست فيها بعض المؤشرات الحيوية لهذه الذبابة و هي: فترة ما قبل وضع البيض، وضع البيض، بعد وضع البيض، عدد البيض الكلي الذي تضعه الأنثى، و مدة التطور الكلية، عند درجتي حرارة 25± 1 ºس، 30 ±1 ºس و رطوبة نسبية 70±5%. بينت النتائج أن الأنثى الملقحة تضع بيضها إفرادياً في أزهار الهالوك المتفرع (كبسولات البذور) و أحياناً ضمن الفروع. و كان متوسط عدد البيض الكلي الذي تضعه الأنثى 5.41±12.90 ، 7.53±13.50 بيضة، عند درجتي حرارة 25± 1 ºس، 30 ±1 ºس، على التوالي، مع عدم وجود فروق معنوية . بينما كانت فترة ما قبل وضع البيض 0.79±3.60 يوماً عند درجة حرارة 25± 1 ºس، لتنخفض إلى 0.32±1.90 يوماً عند الدرجة 30 ±1 ºس، مع وجود فروق معنوية. و كانت متوسطات قيم المؤشرات الأخرى (فترة وضع البيض، بعد وضع البيض) أعلى عند الدرجة 25 ±1 ºس، بدون وجود فروق معنوية. للحشرة ثلاثة أعمار يرقية، تتطور اليرقة، ضمن الكبسولة و تتعذر داخلها. و كانت مدة تطور العذراء/أنثى أقل مما هي بالنسبة للعذراء /ذكر، لتكون مدة التطور الكلية لذبابة الهالوك P. orobanchia قد استغرقت 18.5± 3.49، 17.75± 2.99 يوماً بالنسبة للذكور. و 17.7±2.93، 16.7±2.6 يوماً بالنسبة للإناث. على درجتي حرارة 25 ± 1 ºس، 30 ±1 ºس على التوالي.
A biological study of Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt on branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) which infest tomato crop, in the coastal region of Syria, was conducted during 2011/2012 growing season. It included a study of some biological parameters: The preoviposition, oviposition, post oviposition, total number of eggs laid per female, and total developmental period, at 25 ± 1ºc, 30 ± 1ºc and 70±5% RH. The results showed that the fertilized females insert their eggs singly in the flowers (seed capsules) and sometimes in the shoots of O. ramosa. The average of the total number of eggs per female was 12.90 ± 5.41, 13.50 ± 7.53 at 25 ± 1ºc, 30 ± 1ºc, respectively, without significant differences. The preoviposition period was 3.60 ± 0.79 day at 25 ± 1ºc, and decreased to 1.90 ± 0.32 day at 30 ± 1ºc with significant differences. The average values of other biological parameters (oviposition, post oviposition) were higher at 25 ± 1ºc, without significant differences. This insect has three larval instars, and the larvae complete its development and pupate inside seed capsules. the developmental period of pupa for female was shorter than pupa for male, and the total developmental period of P. orobanchia occupied 18.5 ± 3.49, 17.75 ± 2.99 day for male, and 17.7 ± 2.93, 16.7± 2.6 day for female at 25 ±1ºc, 30±1ºc respectively.
References used
ABANG, M. M., B. BAYAA, B. ABU^IRMAILEH, A. YAHYAOUI.. A participatory farming system approach for sustainable broomrape (Orobanche spp.) management in the Near East and North Africa . Crop Protection. 26, 2007, 1723A1732
HASSANEIN, E. E; Y. H. FAYYAD, F. F. SHALABY and A. S. KKOLOSY. Natural role of Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt., A beneficial fly against the parasitic weeds Orobanche spp. Infesting legumes and carrots in Egypt . Annals, Agric. Sci., Ain shams Univ., Cairo, 43(1), 1998, 201A206
HORVATH, Z. The role of the fly Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in reducing parasitic phanerogam populations of the Orobanche genus in Hungary . P. Int. Conf. Integ. Plant Prot., 4, 1983, 81A86
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The impact of larvae feeding of of the agromyzid fly (Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt., and curculionid weevil (Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll.), inside shoots and seed capsules of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) which infested tomato, in some phenologi
cal parameters: shoot length, number capsules/shoot, wet and dry weight of shoot, were determined. The results indicate to the efficacy of larvae feeding in reduction of O. ramosa bio-mass, it caused significant reduction in the values of all studied parameters, of infested branched broomrape plants in comparison to healthy ones, While the mixed infestation of the both insects caused higher reduction in the values of these parameters, with high significant differences in: shoot length, number capsules/ shoot, and wet weight of infested shoot, in comparison with healthy ones. the reduction rate which resulted from mixed infestation reached to 55.5%, 58.8%, 76.7%, 57.2% for shoot length, number capsules/ shoot, wet weight and dry weigh respectively. The results indicate to the potential role of P. orobanchia and S. cyaneus in reduction the density of O. ramosa in tomato fields, at the Syrian coastal region.
Some biological parameters of the parasitoid, Encyrtus aurantii (Geoffroy)
(Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) were studied under controlled laboratory conditions at five
levels of temperature 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 °C, 65±5% R.H. and a photoperiod of 16:8
(L:D) h when reared on Brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum L. (Homoptera: Coccidae)
reared on Pumpkin Cucurbita moschata during the season 2010- 2011 . Result showed that
the longer developmental period from egg to pupa was on 18 °C with an average of 24.25
days, and the lower developmental period was on 30°C with an average of 8.25 days. The
longer developmental period from pupa to adult was on 18 °C with an average of 10.75
days, and the lower period was on 30 °C with an average of 5.5 days. The lower
developmental threshold (LDT) from egg to pupa was 15.83°C, and 14.34°C from pupa to
adult. E. aurantii required a Sum of Effective Temperatures (SET) of 122.74 degree-days
above the lower developmental threshold (16.95 °C) to complete the development from
egg to adult.
This study was caried out at fields Hort. and Fores. Resea., Depart. of
Agric.Resea.in Ninevah during ١٩٩٨ and ١٩٩٩ growing season to evaluate the
performance of six cultivars of tomato for fresh marketing.
A field experiment was conducted at two environmentally different locations
(Damascus and Dara'a), to evaluate the performance of 16 barley genotypes
under rainfed conditions during the growing season of 2011-2012 in order to
study in the response
of some quantitative traits and determine the yield under
drought conditions. The experiment was laid out according to the factorial
complete randomized block design with three replicates for each genotype.
Significant genetic variation was found in the response of barley genotypes to
water stress. The performance of all genotypes was significantly superior in the
less dry region (Izra’a-Daraa) compared to the more dry one (Abo jarash-
Damascus) for all the examined parameters. Results revealed that the number
of grains per spike was significantly higher in most lines compared to Arabi
Abiad and Arabi Aswad, and the number of grains per spike was significantly
higher in the line29 (43.17 grain per spike). The number of grains per m2 was
significantly higher in line29,line64, Arabi Abiad and line14 (11177, 10809, 10802,
10744 grains per m2), respectively. The mean grain yield was significantly
higher in the line64, line14 and Arabi Abiad. (479.3, 476 and 443 gram per m-2),
respectively. Harvest index was significantly higher in all lines compared to
Arabi Abiad and Arabi Aswad.
This investigation was carried out in the fields and laboratories of Pome and
Grapevine Department, GCSAR/Syria, on some apple varieties i.e. Richared,
Mutsu and Tourly Winsap to determine the optimal harvest date and its effect on
storability. Fr
uits were harvested in (16/9, 26/9, 7/10, 17/10 and 30/10) depending
on physical and chemical maturity indicators, and stored with the study of changing
in quality indicators and weight lost monthly. The results showed that the studied
varieties differed in their storability according to harvest date, Richared fruits in
26/9 showed long storage for seven months with weight loss of 4.9%, fruit firmness
6.4 kg/cm2, and 18.7% TSS. While the storability was six months for Mutsu fruits
which harvested in 7/10 with weight loss of 4.4%, and fruit firmness 6.1 kg/cm2,
and finally, Tourly Winsap fruits which were stored for five months in 7 and 17/10
harvest dates with fruit firmness 5.1 kg/cm2. Moreover, the three varieties were able
to storage for three months when harvested in 30/10 with weight loss of 3.3%, 4.4%
and 4.5% in Tourly Winsap, Richared and Mutsu respectively, which considered
as consuming maturity for these varieties. These results indicated to the various
storage periods according to fruits harvest time, and the storability, which assists
in regulating offer and demand, and providing markets with fruits for long period,
however harvesting at optimal time reducing the total weight loss, in addition to
high quality indicators.
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