This study investigated the effect of adding different
percentages of sand to several types of clay soils, Which used as
liners at solid waste landfill sites in order to find the best mixing
ratio (sand - clay).
In this study, the effect of temperature on volume strains in three
types of local clay soils was studied after adding different percentages of
sand for each soil (10%-20%-30%40%-50%) when temperatures change
from (20-60)° C to be used as liners i
n solid waste landfill sites . The
results of the study showed that the mixing of sand with the clay played a
key role in reducing the magnitude of volume strains between (24-27%)
of the value of strains.
This study concentrate on the driven pile in sand soils, to study and inspect this
type of piles via minimized laboratory models in conditions similar to
field conditions, and compare research result with actual load tests.
locomotive wheel slip in railway transport is a very actual problem for operation
process especially on the main tracks and tracks between industrial oil company and
power- generating stations, which always need to supply by oil products.
This res
earch included the conclusion of the reasons leading to the occurrence of the
event wheel slip as well as study the technical reality of the work of sand management
system in the locomotives and conduct analyzes and assessments of the substance sand
used to overcome such situation with the suggestion of suitable alternatives to raise the
adhesion coefficient between the railway wheels and improve an operating circumstances
animation tools Line.
Other causes include the contact of oil with the flanges and rims of wheels, which
reduces adhesion with the surface of the rails, and a general loss of traction on steep
gradients when pulling heavy loads.
This study ains for the ability of using granite waste emerged by sawing granite in
Syria, which is considered as a negative effect on the environment , which pollutes the air ,
people, animal and planit. The chemical composition of granite waste w
as defined and it
was clear that it is same as the chemical composition of glass . so we did this work by
transforming the waste caused by granite sawmills to the glassy state.
The preparation for the glassy states were done py two methods , the first by adding
sand and sodium carbonate and second by adding borax and sodum cab ronate and the
heattreatment was done at (900-1000 c) . The assurance of getting the glassy state through
the XRD measure to the resulted samples was done . and the chemical composition of glass
resulted by alkaline melting way was identified , then doing the chemical analyses needed
to signify the percentage of oxides of the elements and in the second step of the worke ,
they have made tests on the resulted glass (its intensity, its resistance of acids and bases ).
The decrease of intensity was noticed by the increase of silica concentration , sodium
oxide and borates oxide , and it was noticed the increase of the resistance to the acids and
alkalis by the increase of silica concentration and sodium oxide , but through adding the
borates, the result was a glass less resistant to the acids and bases .
experimental tests have been performed
on the ball bearings lubricated with grease and the trends in the
amount of erosion affected by the contamination of the grease were
determined. The contaminant concentration as well as the particle
size is varied.
Studied the distribution coefficient of elemental copper and lead contaminants in the aqueous phase using a Bi-phase system: solid phase (the sands of Palmyra) and liquid phase (water containing the former two elements), where they were sampling sand
samples from different regions in Palmyra to investigate for possible use as an adsorbent for elemental copper the lead from contaminated water, and after adjustment for certain transactions from time mixing phases, granular size, concentration of hydrogen ions, the concentration of the contaminated ingredient, the concentration of rival element (calcium) in addition to the ratio v / m in order to get the best rate for removal of these elements. The removal rate of copper componentamounted to 99.9% using four sites samples of sand a Palmyra, (al qareaten - the third leg to pump crude oil T3 - Alhl field - the valley between Mount aldahek and Sokhna) For lead removal ratio stood at 76.35% for the qareaten and 87.75% of the station the third to pump crude oil and 95 0.0% of the field Alhl and 96.25% of the valley between Mount aldahek and Sukhna. The application of the conditions that we have obtained in the laboratory to industrial water samples from the water income for the unity of treatment in Banias refinery and Water Company Drinaj of the Syrian Company for Oil Transport and the ratio of the removal of lead in the four samples ranging from ( 97.79 - 100)% for water Banias Refinery Company ranged between (83.89 - 88.08)% for water Syrian Company for Oil Transport, while the percentage of removal of the copper in the four samples ranging from (96.52 - 99.37)% for water Banias refinery Company and ranged ratio remove copper from the Syrian Company for Oil Transport water between (82.66 - 96.28)% in four samples.
Eleven Samples of costal sand was studied, nearly south- north along 15 km ,27
Spcieses of Foraminifera Testes was determined (founded)in it, most of them was benthic ,
but the porcelanic testes were more commen.
This Costal sand is richer in Fora
minifera Testes near the costal line. As well as the
fine far costal sand less richer in Foraminifera Testes than the coarse sand which is near of
costal line, because of the effect of weathering , which the Aeolian processes very clear in
it. And this causes brokig the Foraminifera Testes.
The recent geological processes can be reflex at the past geological time, especially
for sand stone in Pleistocene Age. This sandstone deposit by geological processes
seemlywhat happing in our days ( recent).
This research represents a trial to establish a primary database of load tests applied on concrete driven piles embedded in sandy soils. This research depended on analyzing and evaluating a large number of available load test curves of driven piles.
The variation of pile ultimate bearing capacity value is studied according to several parameters such as (relative density of sand, embedded length of pile and pile diameter). Depending on the obtained results a primary approximate relationship is suggested to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of driven piles in sand. Then, a comparison is made between the suggested method and the other analytical calculation methods and also, with the obtained results from an available international codes of practice in America, Russia and Germany. The approximate relationship introduces a simple and easy method to calculate the bearing capacity of concrete driven piles in sands. Also, This suggested method may be considered as an introduction to developing the
researches to include different kinds of soils.
Resulting backwash water from existing filters, in the water purification plants, is actually thrown in most
cases in water bodies, valleys or discharged into other system without making any benefit from it.
The amount of backwash water is well est
imated to be in average (3-4%) of purified water amount. Even
if this amount is generally not relevant, it can however be considered to be useful in some circumstances,
where the source water is rare or there is no water resource in the region at all.
Treatment of backwash water depends on the reuse need of it, either for drinking or irrigation purposes,
so that the treated water must be in accordance with the water quality standard stated in related
specifications.
In this research, the resulting backwash water purification plant at Roum Dam near Swaida town has
been scientifically analyzed and treated in a plant designed and built for this purpose.
In this paper, the results of experiments are discussed; important facts have been concluded and
economic feasibility for water reuse was determined.
