Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) is an important tree species that is known to posses anthelmintic, contraceptive, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and sedative properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify various compounds present in the
leaf extract of neem and to enlist various biological activities of these compounds through literature survey. Methodology: Extract of neem was obtained by soaking 100 g dry powdered leaves in 1000 mL methanol followed by filtration. This was successively fractioned using n-hexane and chloroform. Results: GC-MS analysis of the chloroform fraction was performed and 7 compounds namely 2-pentanol, acetate (9.72%); decane (8.96%); 11-oxa-dispiro[4.0.4.1]undecan-1-ol (6.56%); nonanoic acid, 9-(3-hexenylidenecyclopropylidene)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (7.13%); quinoline-4-carboxamide, 2-phenyl-N-n-octyl- (9.79%); nonacosane (44.27%) and tetratriacontane (13.43%) were identified. Conclusion: Literature survey showed that the identified compounds possessed antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties.
Due to the economical and medical importance of the Melilotus plant and the wide
distribution of this plant in the Syria environment, it was of necessity to study the the
composition of organic matter extracted from the leaves of this plant.
The M
elilotus Officinal organic matter was extracted and purified their where were studied
by GC-Maas spectrometry.
The organic matter was obtained by Soxhlet extractor and by solvent n-Hexane.
Components have been found which was about (99.91%) from the total of Essential Oil.
The major components were extracted by Soxhlet extractor and the following components
were determined : n-Docosane(39.82%) , Hydrocoumarin(15.39%) ,
Methyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate(14.29%).
The major components were determined by solvent n-Hexane:
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid(17.77%) , 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid(12.85%)
The effects of the extracted aromatic oil from the leaves of Melilotus plant on some of
Pathogenic Microorganisms were studied.
Chemical composition of the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation (Clevenger
apparatus) from some aerial parts (ripe and unripe fruit) of Pistacia Atlantica
(Anacardiaceae) which are widely spread throughout the countries of the Mediterranea
n
Sea and have been occupying a good part of the mount of Syria was determined by Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer GC/MS.
The results of analyzing showed that the oil consist of five compounds in ripe and
unripe fruit, and it was found that the component with the highest ratio in both samples is
the same 2-methylbutanal and its ratio 95.713% in the ripe fruit and 94.138% in the unripe
fruit.
The results of this study also show that the essential oil components of the Syrian
Pistacia fruits are completely different from those in different environments due to the
different types of pistacia species which have been studied and the different environmental
conditions in which this plant grows.
Flowers of Inula viscosa (L.) plant (Inula genus , Asteraceae family), locally known
as Taion, was collected from two different regions of Lattakia: the Jubt Barghal region (a
mountainous area), the Qaya region (a coastal area), and the essential o
il was extracted by
Hydrodistillation using the Cleveger apparatus , where the weight percentage of essential
oil stood at 1.26%,1.1% for both mountainous and coastal region ,respectively. The
Chemical composition of essential oil obtained from flowers of Inula viscosa (L.) was
analyzed by GC/MS .
The essential oil of the mountainous area contained 60 components, 58 components
of which were identified, that accounting for (97.98%) of total essential oil. The main
component controlling was:
7-methoxy-5-ethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene (43.43%)
The essential oil of the coastal region contained 33 components, 32 components of
which were identified, that accounting for (98.31%) of total essential oil. The main
components were:
Linalyl propionate (19.70%), Eugenol (15.11%), n-Eicosane (9.27%).
The extracted oil from Gundelia Tournefortii seeds, which belongs to Asteraceae
family and which is known as one of the medical herbal plants that is widely spread in the
Syrian environment, was isolated using soxhlet continuous extraction. It's ch
emical
composition was determined by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry). The
analysis led to identification of 20 components. The extracted oil was characterized by
high content of Linoleic Acid (52.9%), Palmitic Acid (20.1%) and Squalene (10.1%).
The volatile oil of Anthemis wettsteiniana was studied in
environmentally different regions distributed on five locations in the
provinces of Homs and Hama, in order to determine the quantity and
quality and effect of the surrounding environment,
on the volatile oil
specifications. The plants were gathered during tow phonological
phases of the life of the plant included the vegetative growth stage- the
full of flowering stage. It was then extracted through water extraction
method. It was found that the highest percentage of volatile oil was
recorded in Al-afif location at the full of the flowering stage during
the 2013 season, where the percentage of the volatile oil was 0.12
(ml/100g) ,while the lowest percentage of volatile oil was recorded in
Tal-snan during the 2014 season , the percentage of the volatile oil was
0.04 (ml/100g).
In August 2015 the collected leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi were
gathered. Then the volatile oil from fresh samples was extracted
with n-hexane and other samples with steam distillation.
Due to the economical and medical importance of the Capparisspinosa plant and the
wide distribution of this plant in the Syria environment, it was thought that a study of the
composition of Essential Oil extracted from this plant.
The Capparisspin
osa Essential Oil was extracted and purified components wher
studied by GC-Mass spectrometry.
The Oil was obtained by steam distillation (Clevegerexractor) and by solvent n-
Hexane. Components have been found which was about (98.9 %) from the total of
essential oil.
The major components were determined by steam distillation which were the
following:Palmitic acid (21.12%), Hexatriacontane (15.87%), n-Heneicosane (10.96%),
Pentatriacontane (9.92%), Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (8.51%).
The major components were determined by solvent Hexane: Isobornyl acrylate
(66.89%), 2-Azido-2,3,3-trimethylbutane (6.09%), Ethanolamine (5.41%).
In October 2014 the collected air-green samples of melissa
officinalis were gathered. Then the volatile oil from fresh samples
was extracted with N-hexane and other samples with steam
distillation.
Suitable conditions were chosen to separate the
components of the
volatile oil by GC-MAS and we noticed :
(25) compounds were found in the extracted volatile oil of the first
sample ( extraction by N-hexane ).
3 compounds of them are alcohol noncyclic MonoTerpine class and
they form 3,46% of the volatile oil weight, 1 alcohol cyclic
Monoterpine compound forms 1,83% of the volatile oil total
weight, 1 compound from cyclic DeTerpine class and it forms
2.31%, 2 compounds from cyclic MonoTerpine class and they form
3,14%, 2 compounds from Aldyhol group which form 52.03% from
the volatile oil's weight.
13 compounds from SesquieTerpine class with a 35,14% of the
total weight, 2 Ester compounds and they form 2,12%, and 1 acetic
compound which is Lenolenic acid with a 0,97% form the volatile
oil total weight.
The volatile oil of Anthemis scariosa was studied in environmentally
different regions distributed on five locations in the provinces of Homs and
Hama, in order to determine the quantity and quality and effect of the
surrounding environment, on th
e volatile oil specifications. The plants
were gathered during tow phonological phases of the life of the plant
included the vegetative growth stage- the full of flowering stage. It was
then extracted through water extraction method. It was found that the
highest percentage of volatile oil was recorded in Al-hamra location
at the full of the flowering stage during the 2013 season.
