Study of the Main components of the organic matter extracted from the leaves of Syrian Melilotus Officinal plant using GCMS and their effects on some of Pathogenic Microorganisms

Due to the economical and medical importance of the Melilotus plant and the wide distribution of this plant in the Syria environment, it was of necessity to study the the composition of organic matter extracted from the leaves of this plant. The Melilotus Officinal organic matter was extracted and purified their where were studied by GC-Maas spectrometry. The organic matter was obtained by Soxhlet extractor and by solvent n-Hexane. Components have been found which was about (99.91%) from the total of Essential Oil. The major components were extracted by Soxhlet extractor and the following components were determined : n-Docosane(39.82%) , Hydrocoumarin(15.39%) , Methyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate(14.29%). The major components were determined by solvent n-Hexane: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid(17.77%) , 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid(12.85%) The effects of the extracted aromatic oil from the leaves of Melilotus plant on some of Pathogenic Microorganisms were studied.

Study of the soil profiles properties of a broad leaf forest and some microbial groups diversity

The aim of this study was to determine some physical, chemical and microbiological density (fungi – bacteria) of a Pine forest soil in the coastal region (Al-Ballotiah forest, Banias) where Quercus calliprinus is the main dominant plant. Three soil profiles were taken and their morphological characteristics were determined, the thickness of accumulated organic matter and GPS data were also recorded. For physical and chemical analysis, samples from each profile horizon were taken and air- dried, whereas for the microbial diversity analysis, samples were taken twice in autumn and spring; and transported and stored at 4C. The results showed that the studied soil belongs to Mollisols, Entisols with A-AC-C1-C2 profile types. Our results also showed that the soil depth was (153-150 cm) and rich in calcium carbonate. Soil pH is alkali, where the pH ranged between (7.91-9.13) that increased bacterial activity and density in organic litter and mineral soil, which was related with the organic matter ratio. This ratio decreased significantly with soil depth that affected the microorganisms density which behave in the same manner. However, an increasing of microorganisms density was detected in spring especially in first horizon.

Pedological and microbiological study of a Pine forest soil profiles in the coastal Region (Mehwarti Forest)

The aim of this study was to determine some physical, chemical properties and microbiological density (fungi –bacteria) of a Pine forest soil in the coastal region (Mehwarti forest, Banias), where Pinus brutia is the main dominant plant. Three soil profiles were carried out and their morphological characteristics were determined, the thickness of accumulated organic residues and GPS data were also recorded. For physical and chemical analysis, samples from each profile horizon were taken and air- dried, whereas for the microbial diversity analysis, samples were taken twice in autumn and spring, and transported and stored at 4C. The results showed that the studied soil belongs to Alfisol Order with A -Bt – C profile types. Our results also showed that the soil depth was (85-100cm) and the texture was clay with a high porosity in all studied soil horizons. The content of calcium carbonate in the studied horizons was closely similar and increased with soil depth, whereas the pH ranged between 6.8 and 7.9. The results indicated that the organic matter decreased significantly with soil depth that affected the microorganisms density which behave in the same manner. This decreas was very clear in the first horizon especially in spring.

Study of some diagnostic characteristics and microbial activity for coastal soils in Safita

The aim of current research was to study some diagnostic characteristics /morphological, physical, chemical/and the origin structureofforest soils in Syrian coastal region. In addition to estimation of microbial activity of some microbial groups/bacteria, fungi, actinomycete/ to establish a general view of these soils. Two complete sections were prepared in the considered soils /Safita-Tartous/ andsamples were taken after the soils sections description for diagnostic characterization. The results showed that the soil pH was between neutral and tiny basic and because of the richnessof the studied soil by calcium carbonate. However, the highest percentage of organic matter in all sections were concentrated in the surface horizon and was decreasing with depth. Our results also showed that the microbial activity was positively correlated with the content of the organic matter and negatively with the depth, so the total number of bacteria and fungi was decreasing in the under surface horizon. A muddymetamorphosedhorizon (Bm) was formed in the two sections.

Microbiological Purification of Wastewater Using Butomus

Water samples were collected three times a week to make chemical, physical and microbiological tests, in order to determine the role of Macrophytes in improving and enhancing domestic wastewater purification processes, by the means of providing the necessary oxygen for microorganisms; absorbing some metal elements and chemical ions in addition to adsorbing a portion of microorganisms on its surfaces. This will lead to the completion of water purification and mineralization processes. Necessary tests for evaluating the purification processes had been carried on raw and treated water for a period of 17 days each experiment, using special tanks previously made for this purpose. The results obtained confirmed the effective role of microorganisms in domestic wastewater treatment and water purification using macrophytes which were capable of providing the suitable conditions to motivate heterotrophic microorganisms, which are characterized by the ability to decompose the organic matter and its active oxidation, which affects the concentrations of nitrates, ammonium, suspended solids and electrical conductivity... Etc. Tests results clearly confirm the positive effect of Macrophytes as Butomus umbellatus on enhancing purification processes and activating the organic matter mineralization by microorganisms.