In this research, we present, a linear programming using model.
This model can define the optimal proposal ( with minimum cost
and high efficiency ) in both cases : new net design or exist net
modification.
This paper examines the evolution of drinking water
consumption in Tartous governorate during the period (2009 -
2014) and its relationship to the emerging demographic situation
related to the presence of displaced people, in order to evaluate
the drinking water investment efficiency and to identify actions that
will develop this sector.
Alsin Spring is the most important water sources in Syrian coastal area, due to it is the source of drinking water for the main cities and towns in the Syrian coast. This research aimed to study some contaminant indicators in Alsin spring and some t
aps of distribution system of Alsin drinking water, and compare the Indicators with samples of bottled drinking water from Alsin spring and three other water sources (Drekish, Bukkeen, and Alfigeh). The study included determining the concentrations of nitrates, nitrites and some heavy metals including lead, cadmium and nickel in water samples. The results showed that all water sources contain varying concentrations of lead, while the nickel and cadmium were vary in drinking water samples; The concentrations of nickel and cadmium in some samples were low while were under the detection limits in other samples. The analysis of samples of bottled drinking water showed that the samples from Alfigeh spring were the lesser contamination with heavy metals, while the samples from Alsin spring were contain highest concentrations of lead and nickel. The samples of bottled water from Bukkeen spring contain the highest level of cadmium. The results showed that the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and heavy metals differ depending on the water source. However, all these concentrations were lower and within the acceptable limits of Syrian standard for drinking water. The study concluded that water resources in the coastal area are distinguished with their higher pure.
Water sources in Syrian coastal area have a great importance due to the variety of the
sources and the urgent needs to water for drinking and irrigation. Therefore great efforts
are made to protect water sources from contaminants. This research aim
ed to study some
contaminant indicators in some drinking water sources in the Syrian coastal area. The
study included determining the concentrations of nitrates, nitrites and some heavy metals
including lead, cadmium and zinc in water samples taken from five sources of water
distributed from north Lattakia to north Tartous. The results showed that the concentrations
of nitrate, nitrite and heavy metals differ depending on the water source. However, all
these concentrations were lower and within the acceptable limits of Syrian standard for
drinking water. The study concluded that water resources in the coastal area are
distinguished with their relative purity and contaminants little reach.
Resulting backwash water from existing filters, in the water purification plants, is actually thrown in most
cases in water bodies, valleys or discharged into other system without making any benefit from it.
The amount of backwash water is well est
imated to be in average (3-4%) of purified water amount. Even
if this amount is generally not relevant, it can however be considered to be useful in some circumstances,
where the source water is rare or there is no water resource in the region at all.
Treatment of backwash water depends on the reuse need of it, either for drinking or irrigation purposes,
so that the treated water must be in accordance with the water quality standard stated in related
specifications.
In this research, the resulting backwash water purification plant at Roum Dam near Swaida town has
been scientifically analyzed and treated in a plant designed and built for this purpose.
In this paper, the results of experiments are discussed; important facts have been concluded and
economic feasibility for water reuse was determined.
Fluoride ion is present in high concentration in some regions in Syria. As
fluoride occurs naturally in water, We have studied some methods of fluoride
removal such as Nalgonda technique and activated carbon method.
In Nalgonda technique we add Al
um and lime to the water, and we have
found that fluoride removal efficiency remains constant when the initial
concentrations of fluoride changes, or when the chloride ions exists in water,
but it depends on pH, and get better when the method is investigated in two
steps. In addition, adsorption of fluoride decreases with increasing
sedimentation time, or using Ventilated lime or CaCO3 instead of Ca (OH)2.
In activated carbon method we have done different experiments by using
charcoal of coconut coir, date seeds and olive seeds. And we have found that
olive seeds carbon is better than others, and its fluoride removal efficiency
increases after impregnation with solution of 2% Al2(SO4)3.
A total of 73 drinking water samples were collected from distribution
system in Lattakia city, the aim was to search for hetrotrophic bacteria and
investigate their resistance to chlorine and antibiotics. The antibiotic
susceptibility tests were:
carried out by using agar dillution method (MIC) and
the antibiotics tested were: Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, tetracycline,
Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxim, Gentamicin, Erythromycin Piperacilin/
Tazobactam, and cephalothin.
A sum of 133 bacterial strains were isolated and included by five genera:
pseudomonas, acinetobacter, flavobacter, chromobacter, and methylobacter.
The samples content of residual chlorine were ranged between 0.1 to 3.8 mg/l.
The majority of bacterial strains isolated were resistance to chlorine. The
multiple antibiotic resistances were common amongst isolated bacterial strains.
