Synthesis of Bio-Polymer PolyHydroxyButyrate (PHB) from Water Hyacinth Weed

This research focuses on an environmental and economic aspect, as it depends on using the harmful water hyacinth weed as an effective material to product the biopolymer "polyhydroxybutyrate: PHB" by Bacillus subtilis. The samples were processed and digested to extract the polymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using chloroform method. Some tests were carried out to confirm the identity of this polymer, such as measuring the melting point of the product and studying the functional groups of the extracted PHB using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results obtained by the extracted polymer from the water hyacinth weed showed conformity to the referential PHB polymer tests, which shows the importance of this research in determining a way to get rid of this harmful weed, which is an environmental problem and a large economic burden by investing it in the production of biopolymer PHB.

An Ecological and Biological study of Olive Moth and the Possibility of Using some Integrated Management Methods for Controlling it in Homs Province

The environmental and biological study of the olive moth Prays Oleae.B was conducted in the Natural Resources Research Department of Homs Research Center in 2015-2016, where seasonal changes of the olive moth P. oleae group were monitored using pheromone sexual attraction traps.

Effect of Method and Type of Organic and Bio Fertilization on some Morphological and Productivity Traits of Cotton Cultivar 124 (Gossypium hersutum L.)

The research was carried out at Jeb Ramlah Research Station – AlGhab Research Center - General Authority of Scientific Agricultural Research at 2017 growing season. The objective was to investigate the effect of three organic and bio fertilizers (Bacillus, Humic acid and Amino acids) and three fertilization methods (Soaking seeds, Vegetative spraying and Plant irrigation) in some morphological and production traits of cotton cultivar 124 (Gossypium herutum L.) The experiment was conducted according to RCBD with three replications. The first factor (fertilizer type) occupied the main plots, while the second factor (fertilization method) occupied the split plots. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Genestat.12 software and the least significant difference L.S.D. at 5% level was calculated. Studied traits included (at the beginning of Blooming stage): Plant Height, Plant wet weight, Plant dry weight, Leaf area and plant production of cotton. The results showed that the average of treatment of amino acids was superiority significant on the others in terms of plant height (70.70cm), Plant wet and dry weight (201.50, and 83.41g), respectively, Leaf area (4240.15cm2/plant) and plant production of cotton (75.13g). For fertilization method, Vegetative spraying average was superiority significant on the others in terms of all studied traits.

Isolation of local Bacillus spp. Strains and Testing its Efficiency Against Wax Worm Galleria mellonella L. Larvae in Laboratory

This study was carried out to determine the efficiency of local Bacillus isolates to control large wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella L.) at GCSAR laboratory in 2012. Infected larvae were collected from stored wax combs, and the bacteria Bacillus genus were isolated from dead larvae, or that showing disease symptoms of black brown spots on larvae cuticle. Bacterium was grown on T3 medium and identified according to biochemical tests, and the efficacy of isolates was determined on pure colonies of larvae. The results of biochemical tests showed that the isolates belong to Bacillus thuringiensis. Isolates were different in pathogenicity. Bt5 isolate was the most efficient to kill the larvae of large wax moth (72.4 %), and significantly superior all other isolates (p ≤ 0.01). Bt1 isolate showed a significant difference with control but non-significant difference with Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt6 and Bt7 isolates.

Biological Treatment of Rice Straw and Glucose Production Using Bacillus sp.

The study was conducted in 2016. The samples of rice Oryza sativa L. straw were collected from Dewania governorate/Iraq, and were brought to laboratory of Directorate of Environmental and Water in Ministry of Science and Technology. The samples were cleaned and milled, then stored in sterile containers. Local cellulolytic bacterial isolate was cultivated and isolated on mineral and cellulose medium, at 37 ºC for (24± 2) hours, the bacterial isolate was diagnosed as Bacillus sp. depending on phenotypes of bacterial colonies on solid medium, microscopic characters and some biochemical tests. Milled rice straw was chemically treated with 1% of sodium hydroxide, then biological treatment by bacterial isolate Bacillus sp cultivate in mineral medium with alkali treated rice straw as carbone source and compared with cellulose standard medium. The bacterial growth was measured at 600 nm, which reached 0.974 in rice straw medium, while in cellulose medium reached 0.853. For glucose concentration, the value reached 250 μg/ml in rice straw medium, while in cellulose medium it was 210 μg/ml. The results concluded the possibility of getting rid of rice husks, which is an environmental contaminant, and to use it in the production of glucose.

Effect of NPK, Biofertilizers (Bacillus Subtilis) and (Glomus Mosseae) Additions on Yield and Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Field experiment was carried out at Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Muthanna University, Iraq, during 2014/2015 season, to study the effect of adding NPK, biofertilizers Bacillus Subtilis and Glomus Mosseae on the growth and yield of maize (Zea may L.). The treatments were i.e control (zero: no vaccine), biofertilizers Bacillus subtilis treatments, Glomus mosseae, both biofertilizers (F0, F1, F2 and F3), respectively, Three levels of NPK liquid fertilizer i.e. 0, 5000, 7500 mg )C0, C1, and C2 respectively). The experiment design was RCBD with three replications arranged according to split plot.

Effect of using non - Mineral Fertilizer on some Physiological Traits of Cotton Line 124 Gossypium hirsutum L

The research was conducted in 2018 at Jeb Ramleh Research Station - Al-Ghab Research Center - General Authority of Scientific Agricultural Research The objective was to investigate the effect of three types of organic and biological fertilizers ( Bacillus , Humic acid and amino acids) , and four fertilization methods ( without , soaking , seeds, Plant irrigation, and leaf spraying ) and their interactions in some physiological traits of cotton line 124.

Effect of Seed Treatments of Tomato Variety Merel with Four PGPR Bacterial Strains on Promoting Peroxidase Enzyme Activity and Growth Improvement

This research was conducted to study the effect of four bacterial strains (PGPR): Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342, Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48, Bacillussubtillis B2g and B. subtillis FZB27 to improve the growth of tomato plants in the greenhouse. Bacterial strains were applied to the seeds in a concentration of (1010 cfu/ml), of each bacterial strain.

Effect of treatment of the tomato seeds with strains of PGPR for inducing systemic resistance against cucumber mosaic virus in green house

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342, Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48K, Bacillus subtillis B2g, B. subtillis FZB27 to induce systemic resistance in Tomato plants against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) under greenhouse conditions. Tomato seeds submerged in suspension of Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342, Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48, Bacillus subtillis B2g and B. subtillis FZB27 9×109cfu . plants emerged from these seed were inoculated with CMV after 10 days of planting. The time of beginning symptoms was recorded, Disease incidence, disease severity, area under disease progress curve AUDPC, progress of infection disease degrees during the study period were calculated using virtual symptoms . pyroxidas enzyme activity was determined, Some growth parameters such as Plant height, foliage fresh weight, root fresh weight , foliage dry weight, root dry weight were observed after 30 DAI. Results of this study showed that seed treatment with Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342, Serratia .plymuthica HRO-C48, Bacillus subtillis B2g, B. subtillis FZB27 significantly decreased the diseases incidence on treated and inculated plants which ranged between 40% - 66.66% ,compared with un treated and inculated control 93.33% Without the presence of significant differences between the bacterial treatments. significantly decreased the diseases severity on treated plants which ranged between 45.53 %- 62.2% compared with inculated and un treated control 88.86% .Without the presence of significant differences between the bacterial treatments. Peroxidas activity on treated plants increased by Compared with untreated plants. Seed treatments with bacteria significantly increased the plant growth. The plant height , fresh and dry weight of foliage, fresh and dry weight of root on treated plants were significantly higher than those of inculated and un-treated plants according to LSD 5%.where bacteria reduced the rate of stunting and the rate of decline mild and dry weight of foliage and mild and dry weight of the root occurring due to infection with the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV).

The efficiencey of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstki in controlling Grape Berry Moth Lobesia botrana SCH (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) icompered to insecticide Alpha-cepermethrin 100 and IGR Deflubenzuron

The experimentes were conducted in tow fields are planted by tow diffrenet species of grape Alpetamouni species and ALhalawani species to studuy the effecencey of Bacillus thuringiensis Bernner var kurstaki in controlling Grape Berry Moth Lobesia botrana Sch.(Lepidoptera,Tortricidae) in compered to insecticid Alpha cepermethrin100 and IGR Deflubenzuron.