Many applications require generation of summaries tailored to the user's information needs, i.e., their intent. Methods that express intent via explicit user queries fall short when query interpretation is subjective. Several datasets exist for summa
rization with objective intents where, for each document and intent (e.g., weather''), a single summary suffices for all users. No datasets exist, however, for subjective intents (e.g., interesting places'') where different users will provide different summaries. We present SUBSUME, the first dataset for evaluation of SUBjective SUMmary Extraction systems. SUBSUME contains 2,200 (document, intent, summary) triplets over 48 Wikipedia pages, with ten intents of varying subjectivity, provided by 103 individuals over Mechanical Turk. We demonstrate statistically that the intents in SUBSUME vary systematically in subjectivity. To indicate SUBSUME's usefulness, we explore a collection of baseline algorithms for subjective extractive summarization and show that (i) as expected, example-based approaches better capture subjective intents than query-based ones, and (ii) there is ample scope for improving upon the baseline algorithms, thereby motivating further research on this challenging problem.
This paper seeks to stress that Marlowe's Edward II is, at bottom, a tragic
story or a personal history of its hero's agonies. Therefore, it starts by
considering the dramatic genre of the chronicle play, and shows that
studying Edward II as a tra
ditional history play does not penetrate into its
design and operation. Then the paper moves to emphasize that Mortimer's
rebellion and punishment fit didactic history drama. This leads us to
explore Edward's continual endeavors to write his agonies in the form of
a tale or tragedy.
This approach discusses one of the most important ideas which has been brought to
us from the ancientIraqian civilization which has been called the (special God).
Who is the special God?
How (special God) was born?
What is his work?
And can he c
hange the destiny of people who belong to him?
The thinking about being has been interested by man along ages, and that will stay as
man stay and as his mind thinks about the existence.
Man has tried along Ages to find rest and peace, but the ancient Iraqian civilization
hascreated a(special God) who works to give the Iraqian people peace and rest by finding a
kind of harmony between the human world and God world. And according to that, man
must obey the (special God) and offer him sacrifices.
This topic will form the main ideas which will be discussed to takea further step in
knowing the ancient Iraqian civilization.
