The Research In This Regard Is Concerned With Pollution Of The Marine Environment, Which Is One Of The Vital Topics That Have Occupied The Attention Of The International Community In General and Coastal State
s In Particular, For Which The Conventions Aimed At ProtectingThe Marine Environment Were Concluded By Adopting The Rules Of Substantive Responsibility For Damages Resulting From Marine Pollution Accidents, Which Has Proved To Be The Legal Valve To Guarantee Individuals' Rights And Facilitating Compensation For Damages Resulting FromPollution Of TheMarine Environment In Cases Where AggrievedIs Unable To Prove Fault In The Face Of Responsible. The Research aims To Briefing By PillarsOf Substantive Responsibility And The Implications Of establishing It In The Light Of International And Regional Conventions That Concern The Issue Of Pollution Of The Marine Environment.The Research concluded That The Implementation Of The Substantive Responsibility Rules will Achieve Greater Protection For Those AffectedIf The Period Of Limitation Extinguished For The Compensation Lawsuit Is Taken Into Account In The Interest Of Aggrieved, Especially Since Some Conventions Don’t TakeInto Account That The Environmental DamageIs Slow To Emerge, Thus Losing The Right Of Aggrieved To Compensation Due To The Lapse Of Time
The environment is the effective framework in which man lives and interacts with him, and with the development of the human being and the growth and increase of his requirements, this led to various changes in the ecosystem, which can be positive or negative, and the need to reduce the negative impact of the change on the ecosystem and raise the level of the positive impact.
The aim of this study was to estimate the total amount of phenolic compounds of olive
trees leaves (Olea europaea L.) as Biomarker for the assessment of lead air pollution at
Banias area. Olive trees were selected as the predominant species in the
study area. The
samples were collected from 6 locations at different distances from the vicinity of the
Banias refinery (0.1, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 10) Km. The dominated wind in the region is western -
southwesterly during the winter (March) and summer (September), The control was taken
from an area about 20 km from the refinery to the north-east (al-Qardahah rural).
The concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPC) during the summer was (45.6-70.85)
mg GAE/g dw and in the control (40.4) mg GAE/g dw, and during the winter the content
of TPC was (35.6-52.9) mg GAE/g dw and in the control (25.8) mg GAE/g dw. The
concentration of Lead (Pb) in unwashed leaves during the summer was (0.879 – 2.170)
ppm and in the control (0.005) ppm, whilst during the winter was (0.479-1.023) ppm and
in the control (0.00083) ppm. The results showed significant differences in the
concentration of total phenolic compounds and lead between sites (Anova test). High
concentration of total phenols and lead in the summer compared to values in winter at all
sites (t-test). The results also showed a negative correlation between the concentration of
total phenolic compounds and lead with the distance from the refinery of Banias. Finally,
The results showed that the TPC can be used as biomarker of lead air pollution in Banias
area.
The codes (EGSnrc, BEAMnrc) are used to simulate 6MV photon beam produced by
Varian ix linear accelerator and different field size (2020, 1010, 44cm2). The
simulation data is stored in a phase space file that contains complete details of the dat
es of
each particle by tracking its path and interactions.
Phase space files were analyzed using BEAMDP code to:
- Obtain energy spectrum, energy flow, distribution of the mean energy and the
angular distribution of the photons and contaminant electrons on surface of water phantom
and 100cm away from linear accelerator head.
- Study effect of field size on distribution of the energy spectrum 6MV.
- Study of change in distribution of mean energy between center and edge of the field
size.
- Calculation the contribution of contaminant electrons within photonic beam at
21%.
The present paper aims to use the thermal energy source for heating and water heating, by
mechanical method, and using rotary thermal generator doesn't produce environmental
harmful gases.
The thermal rotary has high specifications: easy investmen
t and low economic costs. In our
present work, we designed a special plan for placing the thermal rotary in the housethermal
heating system, for hot water production, for kitchens, washing and other alimentary
manufactures.
However, the plans explain using rotary thermal generator which could save in most traditional
heating machines and water heating especially boiler, burner and flue that produces
gases due to fuel combustion that is polluted environment, so that they are economic and
environmental friend.
Al-Sourani Dam was built to provide drinking water for inhabited villages in Sheikh
Badr –Tartous, but the lake water is exposed to pollutants from several sources. In this
paper, we discuss the mechanism of pollution and the appropriate measures,
by
determining some physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water in different
sites.
The results showed that turbidity and pH values arise in the autumn and winter
especially in the water of tributaries compared with the water of the lake, this may be due
to the activated runoff following rainfall in this period. Whereas the ammonium ion
showed a significant increase in the lake's tail, that can be attributed to sewage residues
from Broummana Al-Mashaeikh that threw directly into the lake. The results also showed
remarkable seasonal changes concerning the total microorganisms in all studied sites,
where the highest value was recorded in winter that reached 5.36 × 104 cells / 100 ml in
Aine Alzaaror tributary.
we conclude that the main source of pollution of lake's water, was the polluted water
coming from Broummana Al-Mashaeikh, in addition to Aine Alzaaror tributary, that flows
near a restaurant. The second source is Al-Wade Alakhdar tributary that feeds permanently
the lake. So, the lake's water should be sterilized before using for drinking.
The study of the microbiological pollution of the air of some poultry
farms located in the central region of Syria has been conducted in this research.
Six poultry farms have been chosen, three of them are located in the south
western of Homs governorate and the rest are in the west of it..
The research focused on the conclusion of a mathematical model to determine the
proportion of nitrogen oxides emitted from the internal combustion engine based on the
equations of chemical interaction of direct and reverse the conventional fuel wit
h the use of
many of the correction coefficients, as well as the possibility of developing this model.
Search to find out the concentration of nitrogen oxides NO changes resulting from the
combustion of fuel in internal combustion engines that run on diesel fuel and gasoline
adopted, during work time, and then transform this relationship to calculate the ratio of the
concentrations according to the angle of rotation of the engine crankshaft.
This research aims to evaluate the water quality of the Al-Sain lake which feeds
mainly the Lattakia city and a part of the Tartous city of drinking water purpose.
In this paper, we study a group of physical and chemical factors for the water of th
e
Al-Sain lake during the years of available data (1991-2004-2007-2011), samples were
taken from four different locations according to the program approved by the concerned
staff to monitor and protect the lake, namely: (Lattakia water supply point, Tartous water
supply point, irrigation point, southern spring observatory), and we calculated the quality
index for drinking purposes using US approved methodology of National Sanitation
Foundation. Nine factors have been adopted: (dissolved oxygen, fecal coliforms, pH,
BOD5, temperature, phosphate, nitrates, turbidity, and total solids).
The research result showed that the classification of water quality was good in all
four monitoring points during the years 1991 and 2004, noting a significant improvement
of the quality in 2004, and decreases slightly during the years 2007 and 2011 for
monitoring points in the Lattakia water supply and irrigation points, but water quality still
keep maintain a good classification, while the quality of the water goes down within the
threshold of middle classification for the Tartous and southern spring observatory
monitoring point.
This study estimated the levels of lead and cadmium in 12 chocolate and cocoa
samples from latakia markets by atomic absorption spectrometry . Most of the samples,
were well known Syrian trademarks.
The results showed that concentration of lead in
samples of dark chocolate ranged
between 0.061 and 0.49 mg\ kg ,and in samples of cocoa between 0,10 and 0,51 mg\ kg,
but it was much less 0.01 - 0. 16 mg\ kg in white chocolate and Imported chocolates.
concentration of cadmium in samples of dark chocolate ranged between 0.01 and 0.24 mg\
kg and in samples of cocoa between 0.03 and 0.231 mg\ kg. but it was also less in white
chocolate and imported chocolates 0.01 - 0.051 mg\ kg.
The results indicated that dark chocolates have higher concentrations of lead and
cadmium than white chocolates and that the levels of lead and cadmium are generally
higher than the common levels in developed countries ,and thus. might be a significant
source of lead and cadmium ingestion, Raw materials should be checked before use for
metal contents in order to decrease the concentrations of these metals in final chocolate
products..
