In this paper, we present a numerical algorithm for solving linear integro differential Volterra-Friedholm equations by using spline polynomials of degree ninth with six collocation points. The Fredholm-Volterra equation is converted into a system of
first-order linear differential equations, which is solved by applying polynomials and their derivatives with collocation points. The convergence of the proposed method is demonstrated when it is applied to above problem. To test the effectiveness and accuracy of this method, two test problems were resolved where comparisons could be used with other results taken from recent references to the high resolution provided by spline approximations.
Conjugate gradient algorithms are important for solving unconstrained optimization
problems, so that we present in this paper conjugate gradient algorithm depending on
improving conjugate coefficient achieving sufficient descent condition and globa
l
convergence by doing hybrid between the two conjugate coefficients [1] and
[2]. Numerical results show the efficiency of the suggested algorithm after its
application on several standard problems and comparing it with other conjugate gradient
algorithms according to number of iterations, function value and norm of gradient vector.
In this paper, spline technique with five collocation parameters for finding the
numerical solutions of delay differential equations (DDEs) is introduced. The presented
method is based on the approximating the exact solution by C4-Hermite spline
i
nterpolation and as well as five collocation points at every subinterval of DDE.The study
shows that the spline solution of purposed technique is existent and unique and has
strongly stable for some collocation parameters. Moreover, this method if applied to test
problem will be consistent, p-stable and convergent from order nine .In addition ,it
possesses unbounded region of p-stability. Numerical experiments for four examples are
given to verify the reliability and efficiency of the purposed technique. Comparisons show
that numerical results of our method are more accurate than other methods.
The aim of this paper is to study and generalize some results that related by the complete continuity of the urysohn.s operator of two variables on a set on which a lebesgue meagure is defined and study uniform convergence sequence of the urysohn .s.
operators that defined by functions using convergence meager Depending on caratheodory condition of measurable sets .
In this paper, an iterative numerical method for obtaining approximate values of
definite single, double and triple integrals will be illustrated. This method depends on
approximating the single integral function by spline polynomial of fifth degre
e, while
Gauss Legendre points as well as spline polynomials are used for finding multiple
integrals.
The study shows that when the method are applied to single integrals is convergent
of order sixth, as well as when applied to triple integrals is convergent of order sixth for
three Gauss Legendre points or greater.
Errors estimates of the proposed method alongside numerical examples are given to
test the convergence and accuracy of the method.
In this paper, we use polynomial splines of eleventh degree with three collocation
points to develop a method for computing approximations to the solution and its
derivatives up to ninth order for general linear and nonlinear ninth-order boundary-v
alue
problems (BVPs). The study shows that the spline method with three collocation points
when is applied to these problems is existent and unique. We prove that the proposed
method if applied to ninth-order BVPs is stable and consistent of order eleven, and it
possesses convergence rate greater than six.
Finally, some numerical experiments are presented for illustrating the theoretical
results and by comparing the results of our method with the other methods, we reveal that
the proposed method is better than others.
In this paper, a spline collocation method is developed for finding numerical solutions of general linear eighth-order boundary-value problems (BVPs) and nonlinear eighth-order initial value problems (IVPs). The presented collocation method affords t
he spline solution by the polynomial of degree eleventh which satisfies the BVPs and IVPs at three collocation points. The study shows that the spline collocation method when is applied such this problems is existent and unique. Moreover, the purposed method if applied to these systems will be consistent and the global truncation error equal eleventh.
Numerical results are given for four examples to illustrate the implementation and efficiency of the method. Comparisons of the results obtained by the present method with results obtained by the other methods reveal that the present method is very effective and convenient.
In this paper, we introduce a numerical method for solving systems of high-index differential algebraic equations. This method is based on approximating the exact solution by spline polynomial of degree eight with five collocation points to find the
numerical solution in each step. The study shows that the method when applied to linear differential-algebraic systems with index equal one is stable and convergent of order 8, while it is stable and convergent of order 9-u for index equal u .
Numerical experiments for four test examples and comparisons with other available results are given to illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the presented method
This study aimed to reveal changes in (Syrian- Turkish) relation ,though this relation is too sensitive, the study separated into two phases:
-First: covers the rapprochement period between the two countries, till the year 2011.
- Second: covers th
e Syrian crisis period when the two countries diverged.
As a result, we see that Turkish –Syrian relations kept on developing in all fields in the first phase till the strategic cooperation in 2009 between them . but when the Syrian crisis happened, turkey found that the change which might happen in Syria could bring allies of The AKP (Muslim Brotherhood ),that means retake the old Turkish strategic domain , that cause stress and regress in the relation between Turkey and Syria, Turkey has started to plan to control and intervene in internal Syrian matters, it has been started by putting economic sanctions on Syria which had abad effect on the standard of living for Syrian inhabitants, then it started to go deeper in its intervention by planning to destroy Syrian industry and stealing industrial companies and factories ,especially in Aleppo.
In this paper, spline collocation method is considered for solving two forms of problems. The first form is general linear sixth-order boundary-value problem (BVP), and the second form is nonlinear sixth-order initial value problem (IVP). The existen
ce, uniqueness, error estimation and convergence analysis of purpose methods are investigated. The study shows that proposed spline method with three collocation points can find the spline solutions and their derivatives up to sixth-order of the two BVP and IVP, thus is very effective tools in numerically solving such problems. Several examples are given to verify the reliability and efficiency of the proposed method. Comparisons are made to reconfirm the efficiency and accuracy of the suggested techniques.
