Terracing is one of the oldest means for saving water and soil in Syria. This study
aims to evaluate the bench terraces efficiency in water and soil conservation in Salata
Village (30 km southeast of Lattakia). For this purpose, runoff and soil ero
sion were
estimated and compared between two treatments in one selected field, the first represent a
part of slope without terrace "witness", the second represents terraces "two adjacent plots
with terraces" Where three experimental plots, each one of 50 m2 were used for the
measurement of surface runoff and sediment concentration.
The study showed low values of runoff coefficient on "terraces" treatment compared
to the "witness", where its average value during the study period was 7.2% for "terraces",
and 27% for the "witness". As it turns out the low rate of soil loss during the same period,
from 79 t/ ha/year for the "witness" to 5.2 t/ ha/yeardown the "terraces".
The study confirmed the importance of terraces in water and soil conservation by
limiting soil erosion and reducing surface runoff.
The study aimedtoalertthe danger oferosionare three types ofsoilsexposedby
calculatingthe amount ofsoilerodedfromthe impact ofthe
Cascadefiverainstormsequalintensity, thosesoils, has been securedsoilsnecessaryfor the
studyofseveral areas ofdiffere
nt provincesin Syria, where he wasplaced in thebasin,
thenoffered forrainstormsbymobile(Rainfall Simulation),andaftereveryrainstormwas
recordedreadingsfor the loss ofsoilfromeachbasinrunoffandinfiltration.
The results of thisstudy showedthe effectin terms oftexturesin thedrift,
themoremechanicalgroupsdriftingin the threesoilsareprimarilysiltgroup, followed by the
mudpack, thensand, and clay soilswith ahigh percentageofsiltmosterosionofclay soilswith
alowpercentageofsilt, followed bysandyclayloamsoils, wherethe amount ofsoillostfromthe
clay soilreachedwith a high contentofsilt147.7t/ h/y, andthe lowclaycontentofsilt118.5t/
h/y, while the soilwithtexturesLummisandyclay, reaching 90.5t / h/y.And soil erosion that
attaches primarily by college carbonates then dispersion ratio of organic matter and then
finally percentage silt.
This research was conducted in order to determine the impact
of raindrops in terms of force of impact and its relation to rain
intensity as well as the relay rain on the amount of soil eroded
and water drifting due to water erosion .
The research was performed during the three years from 2011 in the coastal area
“Lattakia and Tartous” The study of soil erosion has been traced in eight occasional sites in
the coastal area, Gradient in its slope degree from 10% to 45% . the eight
sites has also
been studied under the three systems “Forests, burned forests , planted soil”
The results shows, that the dangerous of the Water erosion in the coastal area soils
especially in the slopes that is more than 15%, the drift reached scary figures that ranged
between 32.5 ton/Hectares when the slope was 10%, and 165 ton/hectares when the slope
was 45% in the agricultural system (Where the surface of the soil is semi-disgrace), These
amounts ranged between 9 and 56.5 t / hectares/year in the burned forest system and
between 1.4 and 15 t / hectares/year in the forest system.
The runoff of rain water may range between 24 and 59.20 in the forest system versus
6.8 and 32.8 in the burned forest systems and, finally, between 2.9 and 16.8 in the forest
system.
The aim of this research is to predict the quantities of soil lost by the water erosion in the
Al-Hawiz Dam basin area using GIS and RUSL. R factor was calculated through
matimatical equation after collecting rain data during 2008-2017 from weather
station at
Basel-Al-Assad airport .k value of each soil sampl was calculated after determination of
txture,structure,saturated hydrolic conductivity, and organic matter).a map were prepared
showed local distribution of k values .slop factor was determined as well as using DEM for
studied region, and slop map was introduced in mathematical equation through a GIS to
obtain LS map .NDV used for studied region to calculate C map.To obtain predictive map
of soil lost quantitis ,maps of LS,C,K was multiplicated with R value.
The results showed that R value in studied region 342.78 ,while k factor value was
0.7-0.28.soil with low value concentrated at medium part of studied region,whil slop
factor value was between 0 and 38.87.C factor value was 0.29 at west part and 0.98 at east
part .prediction map of lost quantites was classified in to 4 degrees according erosion risk (
very low risk ,low,medium,high .The results of soil lost quantities were classified in to 4
classes in studied region : very low( 0-5) t/h/year,low( 5-12 ) t/h/year and medium ( 12-24
t/h/year and severe in which soil loss exceeded 24 t/h/year
بهدف دراسة تأثير عمليات تحضير التربة وإدارة مخلفات المحاصيل في الجريان السطحي وكمية التربة المفقودة وفي بعض خصائص التربة , نفذت تجربة على تربة نسيجها طيني خلال الموسم 2013-2014 في منطقة معدل الانحدار فيها لا يزيد عن 10%باستخدام ثلاثة أنماط زراعية في كل من ظروف العواصف المطرية الطبيعية
Soil water erosion is a major factor of land degradation in the coastal slopes of Syria, and in the long run represents a real threat to the environment and natural resources such as soil, water and vegetation cover.