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Evaluation of the Performance of the Locally Chisel Plough in its Effect on the Physical Properties of Heavy Clay Soil and Determining the Time Period for the Disappearance of These Effects

تقييم أداء محراث حفار محلي الصنع في تأثيره على الخواص الفيزيائية لتربة طينية ثقيلة و تحديد المدة الزمنية لزوال تلك التأثيرات

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 Publication date 2018
  fields Mechatronics
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The chisel plough is the most important soil preparation machinery for planting and its direct effect on the physical properties of the soil is reflected in the cultivated yield. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the local chisel plough through its positive effects on the physical properties of soil so as to tillage heavy clay soil, the most difficult types of soils, and then determine the time period for the disappearance of these effects and the return of the soil as it was prior to tillage and planting in terms of these physical properties. When planting the wheat crop under Syrian conditions. The actual field capacity of the plough was (1.01 hec/h) and field efficiency (79.53%), and consumed fuel (13.97 l/h). There was a positive change in the physical properties of the soil due to the use of the chisel plough and two perpendicular faces, where the bulk density of the soil decreased (23.8%) and moisture content from (30.85%) to (28.33%). While increasing the total soil porosity (13.26%) and air porosity (56.76% ) and void ratio (45.71%). It was found that the positive effects of the chisel disappear during one agricultural season. The process of tillage cannot be dispensed with the tillage to cultivate the wheat crop under the Syrian conditions (the Algab area). It must be done the traditional tillage (two faces), Where it was found that the soil return to its status before tillage and planting after (180) days, before the end of the planting season and before harvesting the wheat crop by about a month. It was found that some of the physical properties of the soil contributed to determining the time period for the return of the soil properties as they were prior to tillage. These include the bulk density of the soil, the total porosity of the soil and the void ratio that are directly affected by tillage. Some of the physical properties did not contribute to determining the time period for the return of soil properties as they were prior to tillage. They include both soil moisture content and air porosity, which are affected by tillage, but are more affected by climatic conditions such as temperature and rainfall.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة تقييم أداء محراث حفار محلي الصنع وتأثيره على الخواص الفيزيائية للتربة الطينية الثقيلة، وتحديد المدة الزمنية لزوال تلك التأثيرات وعودة التربة إلى حالتها الأصلية. أظهرت النتائج أن المحراث الحفار أدى إلى تحسين الخواص الفيزيائية للتربة بشكل ملحوظ، حيث انخفضت الكثافة الظاهرية بنسبة 23.08%، وانخفض المحتوى الرطوبي من 30.85% إلى 28.33%. كما ازدادت المسامية الكلية بنسبة 13.26% والمسامية الهوائية بنسبة 56.76% ونسبة الفراغات بنسبة 45.71%. ومع ذلك، تبين أن هذه التأثيرات الإيجابية تزول خلال موسم زراعي واحد، حيث تعود التربة إلى حالتها الأصلية بعد 180 يوماً من الحراثة. بناءً على هذه النتائج، يوصى باستخدام المحراث الحفار في عمليات الحراثة السنوية لزراعة القمح في الظروف السورية، مع ضرورة تعديل وزن المحراث لتقليل استهلاك الوقود.
Critical review
تعتبر الدراسة شاملة ومفصلة، حيث تناولت تأثيرات المحراث الحفار على مجموعة متنوعة من الخواص الفيزيائية للتربة. ومع ذلك، يمكن الإشارة إلى بعض النقاط التي قد تحتاج إلى تحسين. أولاً، الدراسة لم تتناول تأثير المحراث على الإنتاجية الزراعية بشكل مباشر، مما قد يكون مفيداً لتقييم الفائدة الاقتصادية لاستخدام هذا النوع من المحاريث. ثانياً، لم يتم مناقشة تأثيرات المحراث على البيئة بشكل كافٍ، مثل تأثيره على الكائنات الحية الدقيقة في التربة. وأخيراً، قد يكون من المفيد إجراء دراسات مقارنة مع أنواع أخرى من المحاريث لتحديد الأفضل بينها من حيث الكفاءة والتأثير على التربة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي التأثيرات الإيجابية لاستخدام المحراث الحفار على الخواص الفيزيائية للتربة؟

    أظهرت الدراسة أن استخدام المحراث الحفار أدى إلى انخفاض الكثافة الظاهرية بنسبة 23.08%، وانخفاض المحتوى الرطوبي من 30.85% إلى 28.33%. كما ازدادت المسامية الكلية بنسبة 13.26% والمسامية الهوائية بنسبة 56.76% ونسبة الفراغات بنسبة 45.71%.

  2. كم تستغرق المدة الزمنية لزوال تأثيرات المحراث الحفار وعودة التربة إلى حالتها الأصلية؟

    تبين أن التأثيرات الإيجابية للمحراث الحفار تزول خلال موسم زراعي واحد، حيث تعود التربة إلى حالتها الأصلية بعد 180 يوماً من الحراثة.

  3. هل يمكن استخدام بعض الخواص الفيزيائية للتربة لتحديد المدة الزمنية لزوال تأثير المحراث؟

    نعم، يمكن استخدام بعض الخواص الفيزيائية للتربة مثل الكثافة الظاهرية، المسامية الكلية، ونسبة الفراغات لتحديد المدة الزمنية لزوال تأثير المحراث وعودة التربة إلى حالتها الأصلية.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة بشأن استخدام المحراث الحفار؟

    يوصى باستخدام المحراث الحفار المصنع محلياً في عمليات الحراثة السنوية لزراعة القمح، مع تعديل وزن المحراث لتقليل استهلاك الوقود.


References used
ABOUKARIMA A.M., A.M KISHTA AND S.N.ABD EL HALIM., 2006. Statistical Models for Estimating The Field Performance of a Chisel Plow as Affected By Some Soil and Working Condition. 1st Agric. Eng. Conf, Mansoura Univ, 17-18 July 2006:J.agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ,31(7):39-52
AGBEDE, T.M. 2010. Tillage and fertilizer effects on some soil properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth and sweet potato yield on an Alfisol in southwestern Nigeria. Soil & Tillage Research. (110): 25–32
AL-HAME S.A., AND A.M. ABOUKARIMA., 2001. Predicting The Optimum Performance of Agricultural Tractor and Implement System Based on Minimum Specific Fuel Consumption. Misr J. Agr.Eng.,18(2):392- 406(In Arabic)
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