Implementing a Control and Supervisory System for Traffic Lights Using PLC and SCADA System

Traffic jam is a serious problem in our life, it causes waste of time and energy, conventional traffic light control system works with a fixed time and fixed cycle. This paper proposes an intelligent traffic light control system with a changeable green time and cycle depending on traffic density. Traffic parameters (cars’ numbers, density, flow) are collected by Loop Detectors located at each traffic signal, this data will be transmitted to the PLC controller then, PLC processes this data to produce controlling commands, it is also connected to a SCADA system which supervises the process and provides an automatic and manual control. The proposal system applies Green Wave method to connect between two junctions based on a real car velocity and sets priority for emergency car, when Loop Detector detects this car the program will be interrupted to open the traffic light needed. This intelligent system is experimented with conventional control system s’ data the obtained result is promising, it can reduce the green time, cycle time, and delayed time of each car at traffic light to its’ minimum value.

Designing Optimal Path for 6D of Robot Arm Motion

Industrialists interested automates their factories to increase production, reduce costs and improve quality by using robots in leadership and finishing most of the production processes, where robots characterized as mechanical structures programmable to perform tasks accurate, speed and reliability. Research depend in concluding the optimal path on generating virtual paths (triangular, curved, square) reflects the robotic arm movement to reach the target point, where as it has been known moving time and angles of rotation and torque in the joints under the influence of gravity through the study of horizontal and vertical movement of the robotic arm. A study of suggested trajectories for the robotic arm shows that the best paths on the safety of robotic arm motors is semi-circular path as limiting the occurrence of mechanical shocks or the appearance of high values of the joints torques. while showing that the path that achieves less time to reach the target point and less amount of energy is the triangular path in the case of horizontal motion of the robotic arm despite the emergence of sharp deviations in the torque and power schemas as a result of the sudden change in the direction of movement. The negative impact of gravity is especially apparent when the second joint up or down movement, causing the appearance of peaks in energy curve reflects the high values of determination in this joint.

The thermal analysis of radiant heating by the final elements method to choose suitable control for central heating systems in host buildings

This research performs thermal analysis of the central heating's radiator by the final elements method manner using Cosmos/m2.6, Where it was designing a three dimensional model of the radiator with engineering specifications that mimic one of the used radiators .Then apply a convection simulates the role of the mediator heating used and ambient temperature for concluding the mathematical behavior of thermal gradient within the radiator. Research proposing a control system depends on adjusting the intermediary of heating inside the radiator, through the installation of flow control valve which works by D.C motors at the entrance to each radiant. The research shows the inability of depending on controlling system which uses the PI controller in building a suitable control system, Because the difficulty of receiving signals from analog temperature sensor that reflect the constant readings of room temperature which makes the response of control valve for signals slow, Thus makes the use of PI unhelpful of the economic and technical side.

Algorithm designing for Features Extraction from CAD Files for Industrial Processes

In this paper, the algorithm was designed for cylinders, slots and pockets extraction from CAD models saved in STL file depending on rule-based method and graph-based method. Besides, windows application was designed using Visual Studio C# which allows the user to import CAD model and features extraction and view their geometric information (cylinder diameter, height, cylinder center coordinates, width, height, length for slots and pockets. In addition, all surfaces that the feature consists from. The proposed algorithm consists from multi-steps are: dividing input model into multi surfaces based on RegionGrowing method, next step is cylinder features extraction depending on rule-based method, slots and bockets extraction depending on graph-based method, calculating geometric information for each extracted feature. The results show that the proposed algorithm can extract cylinders, slots and pockets features from CAD models which saved in STL files and calculates geometric information for each extracted feature.

Studying the engineering and physical properties of seeds for some crops and their effect on the properties of feeders in seeders

A proper matching of agricultural machinery with properties of materials forms the essential requirements which lead to best performance of machine. To achieve that goal, availability of data and precision analysis on engineering and physical properties of these materials is required. This forms important and necessary data base for the design, development and structure of agricultural machinery and equipments, control and analysis of machines and determination of efficiency of machines. This research was carried out to study some engineering and physical properties of seeds of common Syrian crops to be used in the design and development of some agricultural machinery and equipments. Results provided the shapes and dimensions of cells of feeding devices for planting seeds of some crops namely, wheat, maize, lentil, pea, chick-pea, kidney bean, broad bean and cotton. In addition a set of empirical equations were established to be used to predict, with reasonable accuracy, the physical properties of crops seeds based on measurement of any of three dimensions (length, width and thickness).

Evaluation of the Performance of the Locally Chisel Plough in its Effect on the Physical Properties of Heavy Clay Soil and Determining the Time Period for the Disappearance of These Effects

The chisel plough is the most important soil preparation machinery for planting and its direct effect on the physical properties of the soil is reflected in the cultivated yield. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the local chisel plough through its positive effects on the physical properties of soil so as to tillage heavy clay soil, the most difficult types of soils, and then determine the time period for the disappearance of these effects and the return of the soil as it was prior to tillage and planting in terms of these physical properties. When planting the wheat crop under Syrian conditions. The actual field capacity of the plough was (1.01 hec/h) and field efficiency (79.53%), and consumed fuel (13.97 l/h). There was a positive change in the physical properties of the soil due to the use of the chisel plough and two perpendicular faces, where the bulk density of the soil decreased (23.8%) and moisture content from (30.85%) to (28.33%). While increasing the total soil porosity (13.26%) and air porosity (56.76% ) and void ratio (45.71%). It was found that the positive effects of the chisel disappear during one agricultural season. The process of tillage cannot be dispensed with the tillage to cultivate the wheat crop under the Syrian conditions (the Algab area). It must be done the traditional tillage (two faces), Where it was found that the soil return to its status before tillage and planting after (180) days, before the end of the planting season and before harvesting the wheat crop by about a month. It was found that some of the physical properties of the soil contributed to determining the time period for the return of the soil properties as they were prior to tillage. These include the bulk density of the soil, the total porosity of the soil and the void ratio that are directly affected by tillage. Some of the physical properties did not contribute to determining the time period for the return of soil properties as they were prior to tillage. They include both soil moisture content and air porosity, which are affected by tillage, but are more affected by climatic conditions such as temperature and rainfall.