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Critical Historical Reading of the Law of Unequal Historical Evolution

قراءة تاريخية نقدية في قانون التطور التاريخي اللامتكافئ

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 Publication date 2018
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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There are many views on the question of the logic and mechanisms of historical development of human society; visions and answers vary, to the extent of total conflict sometimes, on other issues that relate organically to the first question, perhaps the most prominent of which is the general picture of the historical evolution diagram, Sequentially spherical stages, as well as the question of the so-called nation or the multiple nations that alternately lead the ship of the evolution of human society in general. This is where the sharp contrast between the two theories of the so-called equal evolution and the unequal historical evolution as a problem from which the research begins and ends with emphasis on the credibility of the last thesis and on highlighting a large and dangerous part of the ideological manipulation and blindness of the first thesis. The latter, which is one of the moss serious thesis of European orientalism and the pervasive wooden understanding of the original thought of Marxist origin.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الورقة البحثية التي أعدها الدكتور فيصل سعد مسألة التطور التاريخي اللامتكافئ للمجتمع البشري، وتناقش الأطروحات المتضاربة حول كيفية تطور التاريخ البشري. يركز البحث على نقد الأطروحة التي تدعي أن التطور التاريخي يتبع خطاً متكافئاً ومتسلسلاً، ويؤكد على مصداقية الأطروحة التي ترى أن التطور التاريخي غير متكافئ وغير متسلسل. يستند البحث إلى البرهان العقلي والدليل التاريخي لتأكيد صحة الأطروحة الأخيرة، ويشير إلى أن الأطروحة الأولى تعاني من تضليل إيديولوجي وعمى معرفي. كما يتناول البحث دور قوى الإنتاج وعلاقات الإنتاج في التطور التاريخي، ويبرز أهمية التناقضات الطبقية في المجتمعات الأقل تقدماً كعامل محفز للتطور السريع. ويستعرض البحث أيضاً التحققات التاريخية لقانون التطور اللامتكافئ، وينتقد نظرية التمركز الأوروبي والمعجزة الرأسمالية المزعومة، مؤكداً على أن التطور التاريخي لا يمكن أن يكون متسلسلاً ومتصلًا كما تدعي الأطروحات الأوروبية. ويختتم البحث بالتأكيد على أن الوعي المغلوط بحقيقة التطور التاريخي كان سبباً رئيسياً في فشل تجارب التنمية في العديد من البلدان النامية، ويوصي بضرورة إعادة النظر في استراتيجيات التنمية بناءً على فهم صحيح لقانون التطور اللامتكافئ.
Critical review
تقدم الورقة البحثية للدكتور فيصل سعد تحليلاً عميقاً ومفصلاً لقانون التطور التاريخي اللامتكافئ، وتستند إلى أدلة تاريخية ومنطقية قوية لدعم أطروحته. ومع ذلك، يمكن القول إن البحث قد يكون بحاجة إلى مزيد من التعمق في بعض الجوانب التطبيقية للأطروحة، مثل كيفية تطبيق هذه النظرية في سياقات معاصرة مختلفة. كما أن التركيز الكبير على نقد الأطروحات الأوروبية قد يجعل البحث يبدو متحيزاً بعض الشيء، ومن الممكن أن يكون من المفيد تضمين وجهات نظر متنوعة من مناطق جغرافية وثقافية مختلفة لتعزيز مصداقية البحث. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن تحسين البحث بتقديم أمثلة عملية أكثر توضيحاً لكيفية تأثير قانون التطور اللامتكافئ على السياسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في الدول النامية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأطروحة الرئيسية التي يدافع عنها البحث؟

    يدافع البحث عن أطروحة التطور التاريخي اللامتكافئ، ويؤكد على مصداقيتها من خلال البرهان العقلي والدليل التاريخي.

  2. كيف يفسر البحث دور قوى الإنتاج وعلاقات الإنتاج في التطور التاريخي؟

    يفسر البحث أن التناقضات الطبقية في المجتمعات الأقل تقدماً هي التي تحفز التطور السريع، ويبرز أن تخلف قوى الإنتاج يدفع إلى اختراق التاريخ القائم نحو تاريخ نوعي جديد.

  3. ما هي التحققات التاريخية التي يستعرضها البحث لقانون التطور اللامتكافئ؟

    يستعرض البحث ثلاثة تحققات تاريخية: الانتقال إلى الإقطاعية في أوروبا، الانتقال إلى الرأسمالية في أوروبا الإقطاعية، ومحاولة الانتقال إلى نظام غير رأسمالي انطلاقاً من أطراف النظام الرأسمالي.

  4. ما هي التوصية الرئيسية التي يقدمها البحث بناءً على نتائجه؟

    يوصي البحث بضرورة إعادة النظر في استراتيجيات التنمية في البلدان النامية بناءً على فهم صحيح لقانون التطور اللامتكافئ، والتخلي عن الأطروحات الأوروبية حول التطور المتكافئ.


References used
تشيلسو فورتادو : النمو و التخلف ، ترجمة أنور الصبّاغ ، وزارة الثقافة ، دمشق ، 1986, ص 123
ميشيل فوكو : كلمات وأشياء ، ترجمة الناشر ، مركز الإنماء العربي ، بيروت ، 1989
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